How to support employment for the elderly through the intergenerational self-help model

Nội dung text: How to support employment for the elderly through the intergenerational self-help model

1. HOW TO SUPPORT EMPLOYMENT FOR THE ELDERLY THROUGH THE INTERGENERATIONAL SELF-HELP MODEL Assoc.Prof. Dr. Nguyen Nam Phuong namphuong14964@yahoo.com Dr. Vu Thi Uyen uyenvu75@gmail.com Faculty of Human resource Economics and Management, National Economics University, Hanoi, Vietnam Abstract Vietnam is in the process of population aging, there is still a large proportion of the elderly living in rural areas who continue to work for getting extra income to save themselves and support their descendants. However, the elderly have problem with health and suitable requirements for finding a suitable job. The question is that how to help the elderly find suitable job. To answer this question, both qualitative and quantitative analysis is chosen. Descriptive statistics are used to describe the relationship between factors and employment support for the elderly, while multivariate regression is used to find the determinants of effective employment support, then suggest recommendations to better employment support for the elderly in this model. In addition to secondary data collected from articles, studies and reports by the General Statistics Office, Population Commission, etc., primary data was collected through in-depth interviews of six local officials and ten elderly in the suburbs of Hanoi to assess related issues in management and implementation of policies. The study results show that the Intergenerational Self-Help Club (ISHC) model has contributed positively to improving the lives of the poor and near poor elderly, helping them to get jobs through livelihood activities supporting employment in such many aspects as: Be trained knowledge - techniques of cultivation and husbandry; Borrow capital for production; Be provided with seedlings and breeds; Be learned and shared production experiences; Be introduced suitable jobs helping them improve their incomes significantly, get jobs suitable to their health conditions, and improve their living standards, the replicated model not only contributes to raising living standards but also helps the elderly to live happily, healthily through diverse activities. This is an effective, low cost model that is well suited to urban, rural, coastal and ethnic minority and mountainous areas. Since then, the article has proposed some solutions to replicate the model as: Increasing production capital; strengthening training of production techniques for the elderly; diversifying the areas of help in the employment support in the model; mobilizing resources from the community; Mobilizing stakeholder participation to help the elderly have decent jobs. Keywords: The elderly, employment/job support, Intergenerational Self-Help Club Model (ISHC) 602
2. 1. Introduction Vietnam has officially entered the "aging population" period since 2011 and is one of the fastest aging countries in the world. In 2017, the number of elderly people accounted for 11.9% of the total population, meaning that 1 in 9 people aged 60 and over. According to the General Statistics Office, by the year 2038, the population aged 60 and older has more than 21 million people, accounting for 20% of the total population. When moving from working age to old age, there is still a significant proportion of elderly people continuing to work and then they do no less than the population still in working age. However, the elderly are no longer in good health as well as some other conditions to easily find a suitable job, so the job support for the elderly such as capital, technology, source search output for products, new vocational training, especially the creation of legal and policy corridors is really necessary in order to create conditions for elderly people who have jobs to generate income as feasible supports; contribute to solving social security policies and reduce costs for society. The Central Committee of the Elderly Association has a scheme of ISHC model to help each other in localities to obtain positive results. The model has been implemented in 9 provinces and cities in the North: Hanoi, Hai Phong, Vinh Phuc, Hoa Binh, Ninh Binh, Hung Yen, Bac Ninh and Hai Duong. The objective of the program is to support localities to implement Decision No 1533 of the Prime Minister (August 2, 2016) on replication of the ISHC model to help one another, through the implementation of clubs, setting points, and improving the capacity of the Elderly Association at all levels and local authorities in support, management and replication of the club. The ISHC model is a model that incorporates care activities - multifaceted assistance, supporting job creation for the elderly through clubs and livelihood activities; entertainment; communication to raise awareness about policies with the participation of the State and social organizations. The model focuses on "intergenerational" and "self-help" approaches to help older people access jobs and resources to get jobs, improve incomes and living standards. Livelihood activities create jobs and increase income, provide loans in kind (crops, livestock, cash ) and instruct training ways of production and business to create jobs, raise income, level living for the poor and near poor elderly. The jobs that connect and support for the elderly are mostly traditional jobs, in order to bring into play the natural strengths in the area and the experiences in the production of the elderly such as: planting jobs cultivation, animal husbandry, small industry and handicraft The construction model mainly focuses on the elderly in rural and suburban areas, because 60% of Vietnamese elderly people work in agriculture, forestry, fishery, and pension like no, have not had access to high quality health care services. In order to replicate the effectiveness of the model in localities, this article explores employment support for the elderly in the 603
3. suburbs of Hanoi through the inter-generational model of helping each other and supporting activities. Support provides positive signs for employment support for the elderly. The paper also proposes some recommendations to stakeholders to promote the effectiveness of the model in employment support for the elderly in the future. 2. Literature review In the context of continuous population aging trend in many countries around the world, there are many researches on the elderly to propose appropriate care and support models. In the Asia-Pacific region, there are also many studies on the elderly, which have been carried out since the 1980s, such as: "Research program on health and social and economic aspects of aging of the population ”, conducted by the World Health Organization in the Asia-Pacific region in the early 1980s of the twentieth century; or a study on "Development of local policy to deal with population aging" conducted by the Asia-Pacific Council from 1992 to 1994 in 6 countries, including Vietnam, research has pointed out the trend of population aging and set policy directions for population aging. M.Nizamuddin (December 11-14, 2002), Report prepared for the Asian Population Conference - Pacific Fifth, Bangkok - Thailand, addressed the issue of population aging and proposed solutions to population aging in the Asia-Pacific region, emphasizing demographic transition leading to population aging, an inevitable consequence of rapid fertility decline and sustained improvement in mortality is aging population; socio-economic impacts of population aging; policies and programs, models of care and support for older people and community involvement in coping with aging UNFPA and Help Age (2012), In the plenary session on December 18, 2014, the United Nations adopted Resolution GA/RES/69/146 on the work of the elderly, in which the Resolution gave 52 What needs to be done, stressed to hold regular meetings to get opinions from member states and NGOs on July 14-16, 2015 at the United Nations headquarters at New York, USA for elderly care and support activities. In Vietnam, studies on the elderly are more concerned since the establishment of the Elderly Association (1995); the Ordinance on the Elderly (2000), with the Law on the Elderly (2009); The National Action Program for the Elderly (2012-2020) was enacted and the population aging trend began in late 2011. Research on "Elderly people and issues posed for social policies", 1999 of the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs. The results of the project have made recommendations to the Party and the State to soon issue synchronous policies for the elderly to take better care of, "Care and promote their role in the cause of innovation", 604
4. 1999 of the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs, pointed out that care must be associated with promotion and good care to promote good and vice versa. Research on "The Elderly's Life" by the Department of Social Affairs, Office of the National Assembly, conducted in 2000, has shown about the material life of the elderly: More than 60% of people consider it difficult, 37% considered average, 1.0% ample. In addition, the study also showed that the material life in Hanoi is higher than in Thanh Hoa but the proportion of elderly people who feel uncomfortable is 5 times higher in Thanh Hoa. On the contrary, in Thanh Hoa, there is a high proportion of elderly people who feel comfortable to live 3 times higher than Hanoi. Research has reflected the panorama of the material, spiritual life and health status of the Man. advanced in the area of the study. Central Vietnam Women's Union (2004) conducted a survey on "Status of life and participation of Women's Union of elderly Vietnamese women" in 7 provinces across regions of the country with 557 women from 50 years and older were interviewed about information related to the needs of elderly women and the awareness of Women's Union levels on issues related to them in the community. Dang Vu Canh Linh (2009), in his book "Elderly and models for elderly people in Vietnam", a research project in collaboration with the Committee for Population, Family and Children with the Research Institute. Tradition and Development in 2008 - 2009. This is a collection of research conducted in 3 cities of Hanoi, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City, with target groups such as support service providers Elderly people, support users, local officials and the community. According to the author, in recent years many types and models of support services for elderly people have been formed and operated, especially private models, links, community models developing. quite strong however there is no investment or no attention of all levels. Mai Thi Kim Thanh (2012), "The Elderly Care Support Model in Vietnam - The Philosophical Foundation and Lessons Learned", emphasizes the model of assistance focused on Social Protection facilities in the community through clubs, nursing homes, social houses. These assistance models have a significant impact on the quality and support activities and life of the elderly. From these models, the author pointed out the philosophical foundation in the operation, organization of the models and proposed lessons of experience in the construction and design of models of elderly assistance, aimed at improve living standards for the elderly. Nguyen Van Dong (2014), in the article "Intergenerational Club to help each other - models to support employment for the elderly" mentioned the operational situation of the ISHC model to help one another in Vietnam, an in-depth analysis of the operation of the model, the organizational structure of the club. The author has 605
5. pointed out the impact of the ISHC model on elderly lives in all aspects, the effects that this model brings: not only to help the elderly improve living standards and models, has created jobs and improved their income through livestock-farming-handicraft-livelihood activities, a model to protect the rights and benefits of the elderly through communication activities on policies and models superiority when it mobilizes participation and resources from the community; At the end of the article, the author also proposed key solutions to improve the quality of the model's activities, new policies and mechanisms proposed to model the operation effectively and replicate. 3. Research methodology Data source for research are both primary and secondary data. Secondary data sources are collected through documents of the General Statistics Office; General Department of Population and Family Planning; Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs; Ministry of Health and State administrative agencies and organizations, regulatory documents; laws of all levels; reports of management levels; scientific reports; scientific journal article; workshop materials, published researches. Primary data sources collected through in-depth interviews in two communes (Thanh Liet and Ta Thanh Oai) of Hanoi suburbs (05 elderly people per commune; 01 leader and 02 association officials). Based on these data, the authors have synthesized, analyzed, qualitatively and quantitatively compared to draw on the characteristics of the elderly participating in the ISHC model. 4. Research results 4.1. About the characteristics of the elderly to join the ISHC model From the survey data of 2 communes in Thanh Tri district, Hanoi, it is shown that the ISHC model helps one another to organize inter-village, every 1-2 villages establish a club with the number of 50-70 members are elderly participants (male from 60 years old and female from 55 years old and older), of which: mainly aged 60-64 accounting for 44%; followed by the age group from 65-69 (accounting for 35.5%) and finally the 70-74 age group accounted for 20.5%; Women are the majority with 67.5% and men account for 32.5%. The members of the main clubs currently living with their spouses are 55% and widows account for 37.5%, of the rest are single; members of the club are 70% poor, near poor and have circumstances hard. Regarding the income source of the elderly: The elderly who get pension accounts for a very small percentage of 1%; 28% for social assistance and 33% for adopted children. This is also commensurate with the characteristics of the rural communes and those who participate in inter-generational models who need support in order to have more income. According to the survey, the elderly have a good standard of living accounting only a very small percentage of 2% in published reports. 606
6. Poor living standards account for 39.0%, near poverty is 42.5% and only 16.5% of the elderly surveyed have an average living standard. In some respects, the employment support for the elderly to have more income is of great practical and necessary significance instead of relying on social security policies in the context of the country facing difficulties and support from the present descendants before the trend of existing nuclear families. 4.2. The status of supporting employment for the elderly through the ISHC model Firstly, supporting capital and production materials Capital and material support for the elderly plays a key role (accounting for 73.5%) of livelihood activities to help the elderly generate income. In addition to helping the elderly to access capital by money, there is also the provision of seedlings and breeds, which is also a form of helping elderly people access capital in kind. From the survey results of 200 elderly people participating in livelihood support activities in ISHC model, in the area of 2 communes of Thanh Liet and Ta Thanh Oai showed that when participating in activities, the proportion of elderly people who have access to capital and "Loans for production" is the most basic assistance, accounting for 73.5% of the elderly participating in the response. This shows that the elderly who participate in the model have a high rate of access to capital, the remaining 26.5% through the survey is in the group of 70-74 years old and has weak health for the purpose of participating. The model is taking care of spiritual life and supporting health. This rate is similar to the question of the current health status of older people participating in the model (weak health 23.5%; normal 64% and healthy 12.5%). The assistance "Being provided with seedlings and breeds" accounts for 59.0% of the elderly people, and this data shows that many elderly people who are not supported by money lending are also supported with tree loans and breeds. Elderly people in the survey area mostly come from cultivation and animal husbandry, so it is appropriate to support seedlings and breeds, reduce one step to select good seedlings and breeds suitable for the elderly. These assistances play a very practical foundation to help elderly people to participate in livelihood activities in a better model. “I joined the ISHC in Thanh Liet commune for more than 3 years now, I myself borrowed money to raise pigeons, the loan of 4 million I brought pigeons and study How to raise birds that the staff of the training model, instructed, every year I have 2-3 times to sell pigeons, the amount of interest I extracted to multiply the birds, I see the livelihood activities for people The old capital is a very good and suitable activity for the elderly, helping us have the opportunity to expand our knowledge of doing business and generating income ”(Member of Thanh Liet ISHC). 607
7. “Supporting three breeding pigs for raising for meat and sowing, I used part of the money to sell pigs to buy food and to spend the rest to pay school fees for my niece, and 1 sow I still raising to maintain piglets and each time I donated 3 breeding pigs to the club to make capital for members more difficult and unsupported. The club really helped me a lot” (Member of the Ta Thanh Oai ISHC). Secondly, support training in knowledge and techniques The lending and supporting activities of trees and breeds are the main activities of the model, but the training of knowledge and techniques to effectively use resources plays a very important role of the model (accounting for 56.5%). The staff involved in training and technical support includes: representatives of HAI staff, officials of Women's Union, Elderly Association's staff, Front officials Fatherland, officials of Farmer's Union, social policy officials, elderly people who are the leaders of clubs, elderly people with experience are those who have basic knowledge of expertise and training regularly. Training on knowledge and techniques of cultivation for the elderly among 200 elderly people surveyed showed that the trained area of cultivation techniques and knowledge (64.5%) accounted for a high proportion. This shows that training knowledge and cultivation techniques help older people access more modern techniques and better new varieties. Elderly people have been associated with farming for many years, but many new varieties are more effective that require updated care knowledge properly. When being asked about "Training on knowledge and techniques of breeding" for 200 elderly people surveyed, it was found that training support for knowledge and techniques accounted for 64.5%. This shows that the model's activities are very close and support for the elderly in cultivation and animal husbandry. Cultivation and husbandry knowledge and techniques are one of the factors determining the success of investment in economic activities in these two areas. “I have been in the model for nearly 4 years, initially did not have production knowledge, so production investment loans are also very worrying, but after being instructed, supported and trained by officials and volunteers , I and other Elderly people also felt more confident to participate in production, I borrowed money from the Club to raise a sow, each year I was able to export 2 piglets, supported to do business. Many things are supported so we are very confident (Member of the Ta Thanh Oai ISHC). Of the 200 elderly people surveyed, up to 49.5% of people have learned and shared production experiences, showing that this segment is also done at a rate of 49.5%. With this rate does not show that the exchange is limited because for the elderly in the two surveyed areas, cultivation and animal husbandry are almost tied 608
8. to them for many years, so each person has accumulated for themselves. I have the necessary experiences and are regularly exchanged in those years. There is an exchange between the members of the club, which may be the exchange of new knowledge and exchanges between the trainees and the non-participants. In Thanh Liet commune, elderly people received training on knowledge and cultivation techniques, accounting for 55.8% and 44.2% in Ta Thanh Oai commune. This data shows that the proportion of elderly people trained in cultivation techniques in Thanh Liet commune is higher than that of Ta Thanh Oai commune, the reason may be more active by the model management board in Thanh Liet commune than that of Ta Thanh Oai commune. With similar characteristics, the two communes are agricultural communes and the urbanization process is not much different, so the cultivation of short-term crops such as vegetables and fruit trees is very suitable for the elderly health and consumption are easier. “The cultivation of vegetables is also simpler and suitable for the health of the elderly so I have to grow a few seasonal vegetables, the consumption is also easy because there are people who come to the field to get a trade. Due to the training on techniques for growing clean vegetables, the vegetables of the elderly are very trusted. Making money from working is very fun and work and exercise is not very hard. Every month, I also have plenty of money to spend and there are few sick rooms” (Member of Thanh Liet ISHC). In the area of Ta Thanh Oai commune outside of agriculture, the elderly also have extra jobs such as wine making, so focusing on cultivation is also less than Thanh Liet commune, which is also a reason for training knowledge and skills. The art of cultivation for the elderly in Thanh Oai commune is lower. The training section of knowledge and technical knowledge about breeding in Thanh Liet commune is 53.5% and 46.5% in Ta Thanh Oai commune, showing that the raising of the elderly in 2 communes is also an activity - major livelihood dynamics of the elderly. This shows that the training on knowledge and technical training in raising animals in Thanh Liet commune has a higher rate than that of Ta Thanh Oai commune. This difference is due to that in the two localities the propaganda and support of model staff in two localities is not uniform and awareness of participation in economic activities creates income for themselves in two different areas. When interviewing about the training on knowledge and techniques of animal husbandry of model staff in Ta Thanh Oai commune and answered as follows: “We have been trained by project staff and have shared experiences with other communes regularly, then also re-organized training for the elderly in the Club, many elderly 609
9. people have experience and are guided by their children at home so they don't listen to the experience often” (Model officer at Ta Thanh Oai commune). In the support of "Learning, sharing production experience" this rate is higher than in Ta Thanh Oai commune (56.6%) and lower than in Thanh Liet commune (43.4%). This difference is maybe mainly to the process of organizing activities to support job creation in the two communes, technical training classes and communication sessions equipped with production knowledge are organized with the difference in the frequency of implementation in each locality, therefore, the participation of the elderly in this activity is markedly different. Thirdly, job introduction support Employment introduction for the elderly is one of the activities to help the elderly have more income, improve the quality of life. Through the survey, 18.5% of senior citizens participating in the model were introduced to suitable jobs, the reason is that this rate is very limited due to participating in the loan model and participating in technical production training classes. Then elderly people have created jobs for themselves, only a small number of elderly people are unable to develop their own production activities but due to their ability to work, so the model has vocational training - Technical training and introducing them to jobs suitable to health conditions to generate income for themselves, this activity is also in the activity of supporting livelihoods to create jobs. From the ongoing support with many different areas of support, livelihood support activities to create jobs are really promoting a strong effect in helping older people get jobs, creating a source of income to support their livelihoods and improve living standards. Because in Vietnam nowadays more than 70% of the elderly live in rural areas, work in agriculture. After the age of 60, they are still healthy so the majority of older people will want to continue working to generate income, not rely heavily on their children. However, appropriate job introduction support for the elderly is still limited and the jobs introduced do not have long-term stability. So the formation of appropriate employment support services suitable for the health conditions of the elderly is necessary and managed and monitored to create conditions for the elderly to access appropriate jobs to bring income for the elderly. Fourthly, support for policies and legal procedures In this area, elderly people are interested in supporting legal procedures for import and export of goods, and policies to support the consumption of products for the elderly. However, this aspect is still limited, because of the general difficulties of the market. 610
10. 4.3. The role and effectiveness of ISHC model It is the participation in livelihood support activities which is an important core foundation for the change of the elderly in all aspects: improving income, improving living standards for themselves and their families. Thanks to participation in this activity, they themselves have knowledge, techniques and production experience, have suitable jobs. More importantly, after participating in this activity, the awareness of elderly people participating in economic activities improves. After the age of 60, they are changed, they are useful people, dare to think dare to do it, they are more confident in making investment decisions. Therefore, it can be seen that livelihood activities supporting jobs for the elderly in the ISHC model help each other effectively and have a great impact in promoting the role of the elderly in society. Based on the survey results of 200 people in Thinh Liet and Ta Thanh Oai communes, Thanh Tri District, Hanoi on the changes of themselves after participating in activities to support jobs in the ISHC model in four aspects: Changes in living standards, income, spiritual life, production knowledge and techniques and policy understanding show that the effectiveness of the model's impact on the elderly is significant. 69.5% of the elderly surveyed said that after taking part in the ISHC model, their income and standard of living "improved slightly" and 30.5% said after participating in the model - the living standard gets "Good improvement", no one has rated "Not improved". This is a significant success of the model. Income and living standards are related to the spiritual life of the elderly. Regarding changes in "Spiritual Life", 70.5% of elderly people rated "Improved little" and 29.5% of them rated "Good improvement", no one beaten "Not improved". Because income and living standards have only improved at an average level, so the material and spiritual life of the elderly has not improved well, so more intervention and deeper support of the model is needed, improve the material and spiritual life for them when participating in activities in the model. Regarding the change in "Knowledge and production techniques", 62.5% of the elderly found their own knowledge and production techniques "Improved well" and the remaining rate was 37.5 % of them rated at "Improved little", no one rated at "Not improved". That proves the training programs and training classes equipped with knowledge and techniques transfer are held regularly in the model that has helped many elderly people in production activities, focusing on people with good health conditions, actively participating in supporting livelihood activities to create jobs organized by the model. The number of elderly people who participated in the survey said that they have changed at the level of "Understanding policy more", which accounts for a 611
11. relatively high proportion in the elderly group who rated at "Good improvement", the remaining rate with 36.5% belonged to a group of people who rated "Little improved", no one rated "No improvement". This result shows that communication activities to raise awareness about policies for the elderly have brought about positive effects, the elderly have good understanding and awareness of policies, have access to information on policies, know how to solve difficulties and problems in the process of approaching policies. It can be seen that the effects of employment support for the elderly in the ISHC model to their lives quite deeply, helping to improve: health status, income - living standards, material - spiritual life, knowledge - production techniques, knowledge of job creation policies. The achieved results are only the first step but play a fundamental and key role in the next support orientation of the model of sustainable development, creating for the elderly the basic resources for life improvement in general. According to the results of an evaluation study on the impact of the ISHC club of the Institute of Medicine - Sociology, this model has a comprehensive impact on the elderly and the community through: members can get loans and transfer of science and technology, can increase 50% of income after three years, contributing to poverty reduction for the elderly and families. The member's health is better due to training and self-care knowledge. Promote mutual understanding and support among members, generations, between people who are difficult and not difficult; linking the village's neighbors, promoting the movements in the community and well implementing the laws and policies on the elderly. Moreover, the club's activities also change the way of looking at the elderly, about contribution and promotion of the internal strength of the elderly; contribute to good work of the elderly. Many national and international experts also recognize that ISHC as a model with high humanity, comprehensive support for the elderly and the most effective, facilitating support for the poor elderly with difficult circumstances rise out of poverty. 5. Conclusion and recommendation Supporting employment for the elderly from community-based approaches is a right direction, consistent with the situation of the population and socio-economic and infrastructure conditions in Vietnam today. Since then, it will build a system - "Family, State and community participate in supporting and promoting the role of the elderly", bringing Vietnam to achieve the National goals for the elderly, create jobs to improve living standards, living conditions, improve income for the elderly. Because livelihoods support employment for the elderly in the ISHC model is an activity that attracts a lot of senior citizens to participate. In the livelihood activities 612
12. to support senior employment, assistance is provided such as: training on cultivation and animal husbandry techniques; equipped with production knowledge; loans of VND 3-5 million/ person and are provided with seedlings and breeds; oriented product output; job creation and stable income, improved family economic conditions. From the research results, the demand for jobs and income for themselves in the elderly is very high after 60 years of age. Participating in livelihood activities to support jobs, most of the elderly have jobs, generate income to support themselves and improve their living standards. From research results, it is shown that supporting jobs for the elderly through community-based models in line with the current aging population trend in Vietnam. In order to promote supporting jobs through this model, the stakeholders should pay attention to some aspects as follows: Firstly, increase production capital ISHCs help each other build credit funds from projects to lend money to members, develop their businesses and increase their incomes. Each club is mobilized from 60-100 million for difficult members to borrow capital for small and medium production and business. Each member can borrow about 3 million in 1-2 years with preferential interest rate of 1% /month. With common production methods: raising calves, chickens, pigs, planting trees, vegetables, selling water, handicrafts the club not only provides loans but also provides many supporting activities: Disseminate knowledge to increase income, coordinate with agricultural extension to provide plant and animal breeds; training in science and technology transfer; promote and introduce products The clubs manage their credit capital very well. When the projects withdrew, they still left the capital for the club to operate. In the coming time, to be able to replicate this type of model, it is possible to support capital for the elderly in clubs so that the elderly can invest in production and need the cooperation of the State and the community to mobilize capital for the operation of the model. Launching a fundraising campaign for the model's activities in the whole population and focusing on a number of orientations should be taken into consideration such as diversifying capital sources for the elderly and making senior people active for production and business activities. In order for senior citizens to use loans effectively, close supervision of the ISHC model management board is required and there is a regular report on the effectiveness of the loan resources; continue the form of loans through three forms: cash, in kind and tree - seed, in combination with training of effective production techniques to minimize risks in using loans of tall people year old. Secondly, strengthen training - technical production training for the elderly In order to support jobs for senior citizens in a sustainable way, attention should be paid to training - production technical training for the elderly, at each club, 613
13. a core group should regularly organize digging activities, create and train the elderly, the cadres of this core group are those who are trained - to train a specialized article on cultivation and animal husbandry, understand the specific conditions of each locality and model livelihood, to equip production techniques for the elderly. Moreover, it is necessary to regularly organize training on techniques of cultivation, animal husbandry, effective use of capital, prevention of diseases for plants and animals for the elderly jobs in the model. Model management staff, management board of ISHC should frequently go to the area to directly guide how to produce techniques for the elderly to better support them. Thirdly, diversify the areas of job support activities in the model Accordingly, apart from specific activities such as: borrowing money in cash, borrowing capital in the form of objects - seedlings and breeds, the production and business activities of the elderly (cultivation, animal husbandry, cottage) industry is a profession suitable for health conditions, conditions of senior loans, so it is necessary to expand to activities such as retail business services. It is strongly recommended to pilot new activities, especially those that are suitable for the health of the elderly and the capital that the elderly have. Orient and connect the outputs for the products that the elderly do. From input to output stages, the product should be evaluated and structured to suit the market demand as well as avoid other risks for them. Fourthly, mobilize resources from the community Continue to mobilize community contributions to support job creation for the elderly. It is necessary to coordinate collaborative roles from many sides such as families, local authorities, organizations, departments, unions and volunteers. It takes the role of family as a center to create a solid foundation for long-term support activities. Local departments, mass organizations need to actively integrate political, economic, cultural, social, health, educational programs and community-based activities in association with boosting the role of elderly people in the society, create conditions for them to participate in the labor market, get suitable jobs to their health conditions and capacity, to reduce the burden on local welfare issues. Promoting extensive communication and propaganda in the community of legal documents, policies and regulations relating to the issue of creating jobs for the elderly to promote their work. Models also need to have a legal basis and open mechanism so that organizations, unions and individuals inside and outside the country can participate in helping the elderly in the best way. Fifthly, mobilize the participation of stakeholders In the coming time, in addition to mobilizing traditional organizations such as the Elderly Association, Women's Union and the help of Help-Age International 614
14. Organization (HAI) the activities need to mobilize the role of other local organizations participate in helping and creating jobs for the elderly. The role of organizations involved in livelihood activities should be clearly defined in the model, in which HAI plays a role of technical support and organizations. The Elderly's Association and the Women's Union play a pivotal role, combining the mobilization of resources from other social organizations in the locality such as the Red Cross, Farmer's Association, Veterans' Association Youth Union, the enterprises in the locality, at the same time mobilize the participation of families and themselves actively and actively participate in livelihood activities to support their jobs. Livelihoods supporting employment for the elderly in the locality are changing and sustainable mainly in the awareness and participation of the elderly subjects, and the encouragement, facilitating and helping of the elderly family, see the role of the family as a nuclear role to spread support activities. Sixthly, officials and model staff need to be more active in supporting jobs for senior people in the ISHC Officials and staff need to regularly participate in training and training activities to improve capacity, skills and professional skills in the intervention - to assist the elderly, especially in the field of project management model management, operational management. Enhance monitoring activities, local field activities to support and train better techniques for older people in livelihood activities to create jobs, to minimize risks of production activities for the elderly. Update and apply new information, knowledge, skills and techniques to train, share, intervene - help people better. Seventhly, elderly families need to be more active in mental stimulation for the elderly Elderly families need to create favorable conditions and help elderly people in their families to access programs and livelihood activities to support the employment of the model in the best way. Coordinating with officials and model staff to actively participate in supporting jobs for the elderly in the ISHC model. The list of references: Vietnamese sources 1. Bộ LĐ-TB&XH (1999), Người cao tuổi và những vấn đề đặt ra đối với chính sách xã hội. 2. Chính phủ nước CHXHCN Việt Nam (2009), Luật người cao tuổi. 3. Nguyễn Văn Đồng (2014), Câu lạc bộ liên thế hệ tự giúp nhau - Mô hình chăm sóc, phát huy vai trò người cao tuổi. Tạp chí Mặt trận Tổ quốc Việt Nam, số 132, tr.69-72. 615
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