Orientation to develop of a high quality human resource in nam dinh province in the 4th industrial revolution

Nội dung text: Orientation to develop of a high quality human resource in nam dinh province in the 4th industrial revolution

1. ORIENTATION TO DEVELOP OF A HIGH QUALITY HUMAN RESOURCE IN NAM DINH PROVINCE IN THE 4TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION PhD Student Co Huy Le huyle.noivu@gmail.com Lecturer at Faculty of Human Resource Management, Hanoi Home Affair University, Hanoi, Vietnam Abstract The paper presents the basic contents of developing a high quality human resource in Nam Dinh province in the era of the 4th industrial revolution under the impact of knowledge economy and international integration. Stemming from the practical requirements of society, from the human resource development strategy of Nam Dinh in the period of 2011-2020, from the quality of human resource requirements for the 4th industrial revolution, from the reality of high quality human resource in Nam Dinh, the author raises the requirements and orientations to develop of a high quality human resource in terms of macro: developing high quality human resource to ensure the quantity, ensure the quality and synchronization of occupational structure and submission degree as well as in terms of micro aspect: forming a number of new personality factors for the province's human resource to meet the objectives of socio-economic development and successfully implement the 4th industrial revolution in the locality. Key words: Human resource, high quality human resource, development of a high quality human resource in the 4th industrial revolution. Introduction High quality human resource is always the driving force of socio-economic development and is an important prerequisite factor to meet the requirements of every industrial revolution era, especially to meet the requirements of the 4th industrial revolution in the nationwide as well as in all provinces. The 4th industrial revolution is becoming a common trend, attracting many countries in the world and Vietnam is no exception. It brings a great opportunity for all provinces as well as the country to promote industrialization and modernization. Nam Dinh is a province in the Red River Delta, with a natural area of 1,669.2 km2 and its population is about 2.2 million people. Geographical location is located at the end of the Red River, on National Highway 1A. The distance from Nam Dinh to the 424
2. center of Ha Noi is about 90 km, so it is very convenient for economic development. However, besides the opportunities, Nam Dinh faces to many threats, especially faces to the challenge of quantity of human resource with high level as well as high quality human resource to be ready for a new production period basing on the 4th industrial revolution. Therefore, to solve these human resource challenges, one of the important requirements is that Nam Dinh province must find suitable orientations in developing human resource, in particular, the focus is on developing of a high quality human resource in terms of quantity, quality assurance and suitable structure as one of the urgent requirements for the achievement of the requirements for socio-economic development. Methods As mentioned above, high quality human resource to meet the requirements of society’s human resource for economic development in Nam Dinh must be considered on the criteria for determining the quality of Nam Dinh human resource, considering the requirements of developing a human resource in the 4th industrial revolution for industrialization and modernization, considering the tools to develop a high quality human resource in Nam Dinh. Therefore, in this article, I use three types of study design: Firstly, using the research design to identify factors that affect the development of high quality human resource in condition of the 4th industrial revolution in Nam Dinh. Secondly, a descriptive research design and a causal study design are used to describe the degree of impact of the toolkit for state management on the development of a high quality human resource for meeting the target of socio- economic development in Nam Dinh. Based on the analysis and evaluation of research results, the topic of evaluating the current status of development a high quality human resource in Nam Dinh in terms of scale, quality and structure of high quality human resource. The main research methods are qualitative research methods and quantitative methods that are closely integrated throughout the research process with the desire not only to describe the theoretical picture of how the impact of the development of high quality human resource to meet the target of socio-economic development, but also to quantify this impact through reliable statistics collected from the secondary data from the statistical reports of the Nam Dinh Department of Statistics, the Department of Education and Training, the Department of Planning and Investment, the other departments, the boards, in terms of quantity, quality and structure of high quality human resource in Nam Dinh. In addition, primary data sources were collected through surveys of the demand of high quality human resource from economic organizations and 425
3. agencies to analyze and evaluate the situation of developing human resources for meeting the target of Nam Dinh’s socio-economic development. Results 1. Literature review of developing of a high quality human resource in the 4th industrial revolution 1.1. Some related concepts of high quality resource: In the dictionnaire of the Market Economy: “High quality human resource are those who have a certain level of knowledge, expertise, ability and skill with their own creative work in practical conditions. They can contribute to the development of society and of humanity”. [8] High quality human in this article is determined includes leaders and managers; scientific and technological staffs - those who have university or college degrees or higher and a group of skilled technical workers. [4] From the point of view of “human is the source - human capital”, Japanese economist Yoshihara Kunio said that “Human resource development are investment activities to create human resources in quantity and quality meets the needs of socio-economic development of the country and ensures the development of each individual”. From the point of view of “human is an asset”, American economist Gary Becker showed a concept “Developing of human resource is to make people becoming a more valuable asset in general efforting to live and work together”. For this article, a concept of developing of a high quality human resource is considered “Developing a high quality human resource is a harmonious development on all three aspects of human resources, including mental, biological and personality, spiritual development; at the same time, it must create a favorable social environment, create a dynamic labor environment to exploit the potential of now available human resource effectively as well as the potential of human resource in the labor market for local socio-economic development as well as for themselves”. 1.2. The characteristics and requirements of developing of a high quality human resource for the 4th industrial revolution The characteristics of the 4th industrial revolution: The 4th industrial revolution - known as 4.0 generation industry has been creating dramatic changes, affecting every aspects of human life in the 21st century. According to Gartner, the 4th industrial revolution derived from the concept of “Industrie 4.0” connecting embedded systems and intelligent production facilities to create digital convergence between industry, business, function and process inside it. 426
4. According to Klaus Schwab, director of the World Economic Forum, the view of the 4th industrial revolution: The 1st industrial revolution used water energy and steam energy to mechanize production. The 2nd industrial revolution took place thanks to the application of electricity for mass production. The 3rd industrial revolution used electronics and information technology to automatic production. With the 4th industrial revolution emerging from the 3rd industrial revolution, it combines technologies together, blurring the line between physics, digital and biology. In processing of socio-economic development, not only industrial development, but also economic and labor restructuring in each sector, each field and in the whole national economy in the direction of technology with the typical elements of the 4th industrial revolution are as follows: Table 1: The basic characteristics of the 4th industrial revolution No. Elements The 4th Industrial revolution 1 Scientific basis Physics, arithmetic and biology 2 Technical facilities / labor tools Automatic control machine for embedded system connection 3 Technological basis Automation, biotechnology, physics 4 Elements of human - Automatic control machine; robots work machine systems under the program 5 Knowledge Knowledge becomes a productive force 6 Classification of labor - Intellectual labor - Artificial intelligence 7 Characteristics of the economy Industrial economy and knowledge economy [Source: Author’s research results] The requirements of developing of a high quality human resource in the 4th industrial revolution: Human resource is a decisive factor for the development social-economic of each province and each locality. To prepare high quality human resource to meet production requirements in the context of the 4th industrial revolution which is gradually spreading in Nam Dinh province, Nam Dinh is necessary to determine developing of a high quality human resource is one of three breakthroughs of the strategy of changing its socio-economic development model in locality. Therefore, the development of high quality human resource in Nam Dinh must meet the requirements as follow: 427
5. Firstly, developing of a high quality human resource for the 4th industrial revolution must aim to develop sufficient quantity, quality and high quality labor structure based on the development of intellectual capital including the development of artificial intelligence, in which the orientation of developing high quality labor in area such as cloud computing, automation, machine technology, along with high level data analysis human resource. Secondly, it must ensure that the development of a high quality human resource for the changing of industrial human resource overview of the society of the province as well as in each enterprise, especially where the fields related to information technology or suffered much from this new technology of the 4th industrial revolution. Thirstly, among the characteristics of the 4th industrial revolution is connecting and sharing data. Thus, a new requirement in developing high quality human resource in Nam Dinh compared to the traditional development method is ensuring a high quality human resource with knowledge and ability to integrate knowledge, equipping a high quality human resource with knowledge and skills necessary related to the fields of science, technology, technology and mathematics while performing the work. Fourthly, in addition to developing of a high quality human resource for the 4th industrial revolution, it is necessary to ensure the quality of growth factors thanks to the scale and enhance the competitiveness of high quality human resource. Fifth, developing of a human resource in the context of the 4th industrial revolution needs to ensure a better balance between regions, industries and economic sectors. 2. The characteristics of human resource and orientation to develop of a high quality human resource for the 4th industrial revolution in Nam Dinh 2.1. The characteristics of human resource in Nam Dinh Nam Dinh province is on the way of industrialization and modernization with the characteristic of economy with three intermingled civilizations, agricultural civilization, industrial civilization and some elements of knowledge civilization. In recent years, the general level of human resource in Nam Dinh has continued to be improved and the qualification structure has been gradually improved. Here are some indicators reflecting the scale and structure of labor according to the 2018 criteria of Nam Dinh province as follows: 428
6. Table 2. Percentage of trained workers classified by professional qualification No. Degree training Percentage (%) 1 Not trained in technical qualifications 35.7 2 Trained in technical qualifications: 64.3 - Vocational training: 20.6 - Professional range: 6.7 - College: 11.3 - University or higher: 25.7 [Source: The report of Statistics Department of Nam Dinh, 2018] In 2018, Nam Dinh has a large population and a larger labor force than the national rate, with a fluctuation of about 2.5%, ranking 8th in the whole country, the rate of lacking of work is about 31.8% compared to 23.2% nationwide and 32.5% in the Red River Delta. Through table 2, we can see that: The rate of trained and technical workers in Nam Dinh is much higher, particularly in 2018, this ratio of Vietnam is 28, 6%, while Nam Dinh province is 64.3% with university or higher rate gets 25.7%, the rate of vocational training is 20.6%. These rates help to fulfill the requirement of high quality human resource for developing of socio-economic in the locality. Table 3. Structure of technical labor by economic sector in Nam Dinh Number of % Number of employees with compared % compared to employees No. Economic sector professional to number professional (,000 qualifications of qualifications people) (,000 people) employees 1 Industry – 213.5 169.3 18.6 79.3 construction sector 2 Agriculture, forestry 817.4 521.5 71.2 63.8 and fishery sector 3 Service sector 117.1 47.2 10.2 40.3 4 Total 1,148 738.0 100.0 64.3 [Source: The report of Nam Dinh Statistics Department, 2018] According to the report of Nam Dinh Nam Statistical Office in 2018, Nam Dinh has a total population of about 2,200 thousand people, with the number of employees in the labor force is 1,148 thousand people (52.18%), in which the labor in the agricultural sector has 817.4 thousand people (71.2%), industry - construction 429
7. sector has 213.5 thousand people (18.6%), the remaining services sector accounted for 10.2%. The number of trained workers of the sectors is quite equal, in which the trained labor force of industry - construction has the highest rate (79.3%). Nam Dinh is striving to 2020, the rate of trained workers in industry - construction and services has increased to over 80%, in which the proportion of labor reduced to 20-30%. In reality, the current labor source of the province is plentiful, but the quality is still limited, unskilled workers account for a large proportion, technical workers and professional workers are too short compared to the requirements of economic development. social economy. The use of labor resources of the province is still a big gap compared to the available potential, especially the labor force in rural areas. Overall, Nam Dinh has an excess of over 30% of production capacity. Labor structure is slow, labor market is not developed adequately, labor quality growth is slow, demand of labor market is limited and therefore skilled labor will develop in the trend of overcoming out of the locality. 2.2. The contend of orientation to develop of a high quality human resource in the 4th industrial revolution in Nam Dinh According to the teachings of President Ho Chi Minh: “To build socialism must have socialist people”. Therefore, it can be inferred that the 4th industrial revolution requires a human resource of industrial revolution generation 4.0. Human resource is one of the important factors determining the development of an economy. Therefore, Nam Dinh has accurately surveyed and assessed the quality, quantity and structure of the industry, paying special attention to the shortage of skilled and high level human resource to carry out the policy for developing and training human resource, welcoming high quality human resource for necessary industries in the future. Orientation of developing high quality human resource in Nam Dinh should determine the target of developing industrial human resource with full of bravery, competing capability and actively work in modern and specific development conditions to ensure energy requirements practice force; social capacity; adaptive capacity; creative capacity; capacity to create businesses and develop themselves. 2.2.1. Orientation to develop of a high quality human resource through training and fostering activities People are important factors, therefore, training and fostering of human resource must be considered a prerequisite to bring Nam Dinh from an agricultural province into a civilized and modern industrial province in the conditions of economic market, globalization and international integration. Training and retraining of human resources of the country, it is reflected in the number, structure of age, gender structure, qualification and distribution of trained human resource in the 430
8. sectors for socio-economic development of local. With the above thesis, it is necessary to clearly define the priority order of the two fields of human resource training and improving people. It is necessary to strongly navigation education and training system from improving people into an education and training system of training human resource and fostering talents, to meet the requirements of labor restructuring following the trend of increasing knowledge of human resource, and developing the artificial intelligence division for the 4th industrial revolution in Nam Dinh province. The impact of the 4th industrial revolution greatly affected the entire human resource of the country as well as Nam Dinh province, especially the threat of heavy unemployment in the unskilled human resource. Therefore, developing of a high quality human resource for the 4th industrial revolution in Nam Dinh is necessary to develop in two ways direction points and general, specifically: According to a survey by the Department of Planning and Investment in Nam Dinh, the forecast of increasing demand for high quality human resource in Nam Dinh in the year from 2018 to 2020 as follows: Table 4. Forecasts increased demand of high quality human resource in 2020 Forecasting the high quality High quality human Level of training human resource for socio- resource is available economic development in in 2018 (,000 people) 2020 (,000 people) Trained in technical 738,00 946,28 qualifications: - Vocational training: 236,43 320,60 - Professional range: 76,90 92,28 - College: 129,71 149,95 - University or higher: 294,96 383,45 [Source: Department of Planning and Investment in Nam Dinh] About education level: Nam Dinh needs to make efforts until 2020, the province's labor force ensures that the rate of primary school graduation is below 5%; 8% of primary school graduates; graduated secondary school accounted for 35% and graduated high school 52%. In 2018, this rate is 7%; 12%; 33%; 48%. About professional and technical qualifications: In 2020, Nam Dinh strives to reduce the rate of short term trained workers to 35%, increase the rate of intermediate trained workers to 8.5%, college level up to 15.6%; university or higher up to 30%. 431
9. About vocational training: In 2020, Nam Dinh strives to raise the rate of vocational trained workers to over 35.6%. 2.2.2. Orientation to develop physical, personality and mentality of human resource To promote full of human resource’ ability o meet and complete the assigned work, the employees need to have enough physical and health suitable to their professional and enduring endurance in continuity and prolonged conditions. Workers must have the dynamism and creativity in implementing work and apply the trained knowledge into work and adapt to the changing environment to promote the high level of creativity of each labor in executing, solving work. For the labors of public sector (civil servants and officials of the province): Enhancing the thoroughness, caring both materially and spiritually for vocational skills training and other qualities of civil servants and officials. To the year 2020, the total number of civil servants and officials is about 23,000 people, in which the postgraduate qualification is 20%, college and university is 75%; by the year 2030 the corresponding ratios are over 35% and 65%. For the labors private sector: In 2018, Nam Dinh has 1,148,000 workers aged 15 and over, in which trained laborer is 18.6%. It is expected that by 2020, the proportion of trained worker will be 30%, the proportion of workers with college and university degrees will be 45% of the total labor force; 3% of post-graduate workers. To carry out this purpose, Nam Dinh should set out the orientation to improve the quality of vocational education teachers to achieve and have higher standards of professional qualifications, vocational skills, and suitable to structure of training professions. In which Nam Dinh has over 50% of teachers teach at college and intermediate level with postgraduate qualifications. Striving to achieve the rate of over 70% of labor through vocational education have job in the year 2020 and up to 85% in 2030. In addition, Nam Dinh needs to build and organize the implementation of appropriate policies and mechanisms for developing high quality human resource, including the contents of the working environment, employment policies, and income. living conditions, priority policies, attraction for high quality human resource and talents to meet the local socio-economic growth and development requirements. 2.2.3. Orientation to develop of a high human resource according to the branches and key areas in Nam Dinh Developing of a high quality human resource in Nam Dinh must first meet and ensure the relationship compatible with the development of the local industries 432
10. towards the target of industrialization - modernization in the locality. The efficiency of developing of a high quality human resource must ensure human resource development on all three aspects of scale, quality, and suitable structure, to fully meet the requirements of industry development in the province’s economy and ensure efficiency by scale. Ensuring the development speed of the province's high quality human resource must not be higher than the development speed of the local economic sectors to avoid the case of reducing economic efficiency. Developing of a high quality human resource for industries, sectors, economic regions, companies using high quality human resource to address and immediate high-level human resource of manufacturing industries in the province. Table 5. Forecasts increased demand of high quality human resource for sector in 2020 Forecasting the high High quality quality human resource Level of training human resource is for socio-economic available in 2018 development in 2020 (,000 people) (,000 people) For each sector: 738,0 946,28 - For industry - construction sector: 169,3 615,08 - For agriculture, forestry and 521,5 189,25 fisheries sector: - For service sector: 47,2 141,95 [Source: Department of Planning and Investment in Nam Dinh] With the forecasting of high quality human resource of Nam Dinh will get in 2020 of 946,28 thousand people, Nam Dinh promotes to restructure towards increasing the proportion of industry and services (increasing the industry-construction sector from 52% in 2018 to 65% up in 2020; reducing the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector to 20% down and raising the service sector to 15% in 2020). For the development of high human resource in the education and training sector: From now to 2020, Nam Dinh is determined to constantly strive to improve the quality of human resource, with a focus on improving human resource and expanding training professional skills of workers, meeting the requirements of the province’s socio-economic construction. Improve the quality of comprehensive education for students at all levels, regions, types of schools. Building policies to attract talents who are excellent masters and graduates. Well implementing the socialization of education and 433
11. the policy of diversifying forms of learning in the province to develop of a high quality human resource for socio-economic development. 3. Conclusions With the 4th industrial revolution is taking place widely and deeply in the world, as well as in Vietnam and even in Nam Dinh province, the struggle between the labor force and labor relations in the old socio-economic form always happens. This struggle will stimulate and develop. It is imperative to develop a new labor relationship that is consistent with the current new industrial and economic relations for socio-economic development in the province. Therefore, developing of a high quality human resource in Nam Dinh province in condition of the 4th industrial revolution is currently an important human resource strategy to contribute to improve the quality of local human resource and contribute the economic restructuring, labor restructuring towards industrial and modern, meeting the requirements of socio- economic development in Nam Dinh province. References 1. Communist Party of Vietnam (2016), Documents of the twelveth National Party Congress, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi. 2. Decision approving the overal planning for socio-economic development in Nam Dinh province up to 2020, orientation to 2030 (2013), Vietnamese Prime Minister. 3. Decision approving the Nam Dinh Human Resources Development Plan for 2011-2020 (2010), Vietnamese Prime Minister. 4. Nam Dinh Department of Education and Training (2015), Scheme of education reform in Vietnam, Education Publishing House, Hanoi. 5. Nam Dinh Department of Statistics (2018), Employment Survey Report in Nam Dinh, Statistical publisher, Nam Dinh. 6. Nam Dinh Department of Planning and Investment (2018), Socio-economic development indicators in Nam Dinh. 7. Nam Dinh’s Socio-Economic Development Strategy 2011-2020 (2010), Vietnamese Prime Minister. 8. Nguyen Huu Quynh (1998), The Market Economics Dictionar, Institute for the Study and Propagation of Polytechnic Knowledge, Hanoi. 9. Socio-Economic Development Strategy 2011-2020, National Political Publishing House, 2014. 434