Calculation of scattering wave functions for metastable states of a diatomic beryllium molecule

Nội dung text: Calculation of scattering wave functions for metastable states of a diatomic beryllium molecule

1. TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM TP HỒ CHÍ MINH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Tập 18, Số 12 (2021): 2124-2137 Vol. 18, No. 12 (2021): 2124-2137 ISSN: Website: 2734-9918 Research Article* CALCULATION OF SCATTERING WAVE FUNCTIONS FOR METASTABLE STATES OF A DIATOMIC BERYLLIUM MOLECULE Luong Le Hai1*, Nguyen Minh Nhut1, Luu Kim Lien1, Gusev Alexander Alexandrovich2 1Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Vietnam 2Joint Institute for Nuclear Research – Dubna City, Moscow region, Russian Federation *Corresponding author: Luong Le Hai – Email: haill@hcmue.edu.vn Received: September 23, 2021; Revised: November 09, 2021; Accepted: December 08, 2021 ABSTRACT In this paper, the computational scheme and calculation results of scattering functions for metastable states of a diatomic beryllium molecule in laser spectroscopy are presented. The solution to the problem is performed using the authors' software package with the high-accuracy finite element method. The procedure of matching tabulated potential functions with van der Waals asymptotic potential using Hermite interpolation polynomials which provides continuity of both the function itself and its derivative is presented. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated by the spectrum of rotational-vibrational metastable states with complex-valued energy eigenvalues in the diatomic beryllium molecule. For selected metastable states, the corresponding scattering states with real-values resonance energies are calculated and shown in graphs. Keywords: diatomic beryllium molecule; finite element method; KANTBP 4M program; metastable states; scattering problem 1. Introduction The vibration-rotational spectrum of diatomic beryllium molecule was studied earlier (Gusev et al., 2019). During the last decade, the theoretical investigations (Lesiuk et al., 2019; Meshkov et al., 2014; Mitin, 2011, 2017; Patkowski et al., 2009) have shown 12 vibrational bound states in a diatomic beryllium molecule, whereas 11 states were extracted from the experimental data of laser pump-probe spectroscopy (Merritt et al., 2009). The boundary value problem (BVP) for the second-order ordinary differential equation (SOODE) with potential function numerically tabulated on a non-uniform grid in a finite interval of the independent variable values was solved (Mitin, 2017). To formulate the BVP on a semiaxis, it is suggested to further explore its potential function beyond the finite interval using the additional information about the interaction of atoms comprising the diatomic molecule at large interatomic distances. The leading term of the potential function at large distances is given by the van der Waals interaction, inversely proportional to the sixth power of the independent variable with the constant, determined from theory (Porsev Cite this article as: Luong Le Hai, Nguyen Minh Nhut, Luu Kim Lien, & Gusev Alexander Alexandrovich (2021). Calculation of scattering wave functions for metastable states of a diatomic beryllium molecule. Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Journal of Science, 18(12), 2124-2137. 2124
2. HCMUE Journal of Science Luong Le Hai et al. & Derevianko, 2006; Sheng et al., 2013). Proceeding in this way we faced a problem of how to match the asymptotic expansion of the potential function with its tabulated numerical values (within the accuracy of their calculation) at a suitable sufficiently large distance. In the present work, we continue studying these problems and expand our calculating results in previous works by Derbov (2020, 2021) and Gusev (2019, 2021). Firstly, we formulate the quantum scattering problem of diatomic beryllium molecule in which the matching tabulated potential functions with van der Waals asymptotic potential using HIPs which provides continuity of both the function itself and its derivative is presented. Next, we presentthe algorithm for calculating the scattering wave of metastable states in KANTBP 4M program (Gusev et al., 2015). This program solves BVPs of mathematical models reduced from low-dimensional complex quantum models based on the finite element method (FEM) with Hermite interpolation polynomials (HIPs). Finally, by using KANTBP 4M program, the calculation results are presented in graph and table. In the conclusion, we discuss further applications of the elaborated method and results. 2. Problem statement 2.1. Quantum scattering problem of diatomic beryllium molecule In quantum chemical calculations, effective potentials of interatomic interaction are presented in the form of numerical tables calculated with limited accuracy and defined on a nonuniform mesh of nodes in a finite range of interatomic distances. The Schrửdinger equation for a diatomic molecule in the adiabatic approximation (in which the diagonal nonadiabatic correction is not taken into account), commonly referred to as Born–Oppenheimer (BO) approximation, has the form 2 1 dd − 2 + −Φ = 22r VrLL() E () r 0, (1) 2AmDa r dr dr 2 LL(+ 1) V() r= Vr () + . L 2AmDa22 r where L is the total angular momentum quantum number, r is the distance between the atoms in angstroms (A), and mM=/2 = 4,506 is the reduced mass of beryllium molecule. Fig.1. Potential V(r)(A-2) of the beryllium dimer as a function of r(A) obtained by interpolating the tabulated values (points in the subintervals, the boundaries of which are shown by larger size circles) by fifth-order LIPs 2125
3. HCMUE Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 12 (2021): 2124-2137 Da = 9,10938356.10−31 kg = 931,494061MeV is the Dalton (atomic mass unit) (NIST), E is the energy in cm-1 and V(r) is potential energy curves at L = 0, the potential 2AmDa 2 2AmDa 2 energy curve Ur()= Vr() in A-2, the desired energy ε = E in A-2, 2 2   -1 -1 i.e. V() r= sU2 () r cm and Es= 2ε cm , where s2 =1/0,2672973729 is the conversion factor from A-2 to cm-1. In Eq. (1) the potential V(r) (in cm-1) (see Fig. 1) is given by the BO potential function 76 marked as the modified expanded Morse oscillator (MEMO) tabular values VrM () in { i }i=1 the interval rr∈=[ 11.5, r 76 = 48] A (Mitin, 2017). These tabular values were chosen to provide a better approximation of the potential V(r) by the fifth-order Lagrange interpolation polynomials (LIPs) of the variable r in subintervals. Indeed, Fig. 2 displays smooth approximation till r49 =12 where the approximate potential curve coincides with and crosses the asymptotic potential Vras () given analytically by the expansions (Porsev & Derevianko, 2006)  −6 −−8 10 Vras ( )= sVr1 .as ( ), Vras ( )= − (214(3)Z +10230(60)Z +504300Z ), (2) -2 where s1 = 58664,99239 is the conversion factor from aue to A , Z= rs/ 3 and s3 = 0,52917 is Bohr radius in A. This allows considering the interval rr∈[ match ≥∞12, ) as possible for using the asymptotic potential Vras () at large r and executing conventional calculations based on tabular values of V (r) in the finite interval r∈=[ rr1, 12] (Lesiuk et al., 2019). However, the above MEMO tabular values have been calculated in the unusually larger interval r∈=[ rr1, 48] using special composite basis functions in different subintervals, taking into account both polarization and relativistic corrections DK-MRCI in the subinterval rr∈=[ 12, r = 48](Mitin, 2011). It is noted that the MEMO tabular values rr∈={ 41 6.5, , r48 = 11} are smaller than the asymptotic ones by 5.5–6%, for rr=51 =14 exceeding the asymptotic ones by 8%, and beyond the interval rr∈=[ 40 6.0, , r52 = 15]the difference is more than 10%. Based on this, we consider the case in which the potential V(r) in the subintervals rr∈=[ 54kk−+, r 51] , k 1, ,9 was approximated by the fifth-order interpolation Lagrange polynomials (LIPs) of the variable r in the interval r∈=[ rr1, 46 14]. In the subinterval, rrr∈==[ e 46 9.0, rmatch = 14] we consider the approximation of the potential V (r) by the fourth-order HIPs using the 2126
4. HCMUE Journal of Science Luong Le Hai et al. values of the potential V(r) at the points r∈=={ rre 46 9.0, r47 = 10, r 48 = 11} and the values of the asymptotic potential Vras () and its derivative dVas ( r )/ dr at the point rr=match =14. In the rr∈=∞[ match 14, ) the potential V (r) is approximated by the asymptotic expansion (2) (Porsev & Derevianko, 2006). This approximation has been accepted in our paper (Gusev et al., 2019). 2.2. Algorithm for calculating scattering wave function of metastable states in KANTBP 4M program To solve Eq. (1) for metastable states, we consider the boundary value problem (BVP) for the system of ordinary differential equations (ODE) of the second-order with respect to T the unknown functions Φ()zz= ( Φ1 () Φ ,N ()) z of the independent variable zz∈( min, z max ) (Streng & Fics, 1977): 1 d d fzAA() d 1 dfz ()Q () z − IfzA ()++ VQ () z () z + −EIΦ() z = 0 (3) fB() z dz dz fBB() z dz f () z dz Here fzA ()> 0 and fzB ()> 0 are continuous or piecewise continuous positive functions, I is the unit matrix, V()z is a symmetric matrix (Vzij ()= Vzji ()), and Q()z is an antisymmetric matrix (QQij= − ji ). These matrices have dimension NNì and their elements are continuous or piecewise continuous real or complex-valued coefficients from the s≥1 Sobolev space 2 ()Ω , providing the existence of nontrivial solutions subjected to homogeneous boundary conditions: Dirichlet (I kind) and/or Neumann (II kind) and/or third kind (III kind or the Robin condition) at the boundary points of the interval zz∈ ( min, z max ) at given values of the elements of the real or complex-valued matrix ()zt of dimension NNì . (I): Φ()zt = 0, t=min and/or max (4) d (II): limfzA ()IQ−= () zΦ () z 0, t=min and/or max (5) zz→ t dz d tt (III): IQ−=()zΦΦ () z Rz ( ) ( z ), t=min and/or max (6) dz zz= t Eigenfunctions Φm ()z obey the normalization and orthogonality conditions zmax T (ΦΦmm|.' ) = ∫ fB ( Φm()zz) Φ m' ()dz = δmm' (7) zmin 2127
5. HCMUE Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 12 (2021): 2124-2137 2.2.1. For the multichannel scattering problem On the axis z ∈( −∞, +∞) at fixed energy EE= ℜ , the desired matrix solutions ()iN()i () i () iT ΦΦ()zz≡ {ν ()}i=1 , Φνν()zz= ( Φ1ν (),, ΦN ()) z of the boundary problem (3) (the subscript v means the initial direction of the incident wave from left to right→ or from right to left ←) in the interval zz∈( min, z max ) . These matrices solutions are subjected to homogeneous third kind boundary conditions (6) at the boundary points of the interval zz∈ ( min, z max ) with the asymptotes of the “incident wave + outgoing waves” type in open channels iN=1, , o (Gusev et al., 2016):  ()→← () ()cc X()z+ X () z RX→→+ () zz R ,→ −∞ , Φ ()z → ±∞ =  min min min → ()→ ()cc  XTXTmax ()z→→+ max () zz ,→ +∞ , (8)  ()← ()cc  X()z TX←←+ () zz T ,→ −∞ , Φ ()z → ±∞ =  min min ← ()←→ () ()cc Xmax()z+ XRXR max () z←←+ max () zz ,→ +∞ , LR Here ΦΦ→←(),zz () are matrix solutions with dimensions NNììoo,, NN where LR ()→← () NNoo, are the numbers of open channels, XXmin(),zz min () are open channel asymptotic L ()→← () solutions at z → −∞ , dimension NNì o , XXmax(),zz max ()are open channel asymptotic R ()cc () solutions at z → +∞ , dimension NNì o , XXmin (),zzmax ()are closed channel solutions, LR dimension Nì−( NNoo ), N ì− ( NN ), RR→←, are the reflection amplitude square L LR R matrices of dimension Noìì NN oo,, N oTT→←, are the transmission amplitude R LL Rc ccc rectangular matrices of dimension Noìì NN oo,, N oR→→←,, TTR, ← are auxiliary matrices. For real-valued potentials V(z) and Q(z) the transmission T and reflection R amplitudes satisfy the relations: +++= ++ += TT→→ R → R → Ioo,, TT ←← R ← R ← Ioo + + ++ TR→ ←+= R →← T 0,, R ←→ T += TR ← → 0 (9) TT T TTRRRR→←→→←=,, = = ← ensuring unitarity and symmetry of S-scattering matrix: RT→← + + S = , S S= SS = I. (10) TR→ ← Here symbols + and T denote conjugate transpose and transpose of a matrix, respectively. 2128
6. HCMUE Journal of Science Luong Le Hai et al. 2.2.2. For metastable states With complex eigenvalues, E=ℜ E + iE ℑ, ℑ E < 0 : ℜ E12 ≤ℜ E ≤ the Robin BC follows from outgoing wave fundamental asymptotic solutions that correspond to Siegert outgoing wave BCs (Gusev et al., 2015). For the set ODEs (1) with fzA ()= fzB () = 1, Qzij () = 0 and constant effective potentials Vz()= VLR, in the asymptotic region, asymptotic solutions X(*) ()z → ±∞ are ij ij i expressed by the following formulas: () LR, LR,, LR LR, Xi (z→∞ ) → exp +iE −λ zψ ii,λ <ℜEi ,oo = 1, , N , o io oo (11) ()c LR, LR, LR, LR, Xi (zz→∞ ) → exp − λ −E ψ ii,,λ ≥ℜEioo = N +1, , N . c ic cc Fig.2. Functional structure of KANTBP 4M code for different types of quantum problems 2129
7. HCMUE Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 12 (2021): 2124-2137 Fig. 2 shows the functional structure of the KANTBP 4M code for different types of boundary quantum problems. It can be seen that for different values of keypot, there are different boundary problem types. For example, at keypot = 2, we have a solution of the multichannel scattering problem and at keypot = 3, we have a solution of the eigenvalue problem by the Newton method for calculating metastable states. Dirl and DirR are the boundary condition keys in the left and right points of the interval. 3. Calculation of scattering functions of metastable states 3.1. Calculation of resonance energies of metastable states Firstly, we calculate resonance energies of metastable states at different values of the total angular momentum L. Using the KANTBP 4M program at keypot = 1 and keypot = 3, the mesh has been choosen as Ω=  + =  1.90, 2.00, 2.15, 2.30, 2.42, 2.50, 2.62, 2.80, seq( 3 0.25. i , i 0,11) , seq(6+= 0.5. i , i0,7) , seq( 10 += 2.5. i , i 0,15)  with II kind boundary condition (Neumann condition) (5) at the left boundary point r1 =1.90 (DirL = 2) and III kind boundary condition (Robin condition) (6). The numerical calculating results are presented in Tables 1 and 2. In these tables, the potential well minimum VLmin and maximum VLmax, the resonance energies Eres with real ℜEres and imaginary ℑEres parts for metastable states at different values of the total angular momentum L are calculated. It can be seen that all the imaginary ℑEres parts are negative of the order (10−25 ữ 0 ). For each value of L 23, there can be more than one metastable state. For example, at L = 24 or L = 28, there are two metastable states, and at L = 30 the number of metastable states is 3. At L > 38, there is only one metastable state for each value L and at L > 47, there are no energy levels in the well. Moreover, in these tables, the calculating results of resonance energies in other works are also presented in Slater-type orbitals (STO) (Koput, 2011; Lesiuk et al., 2019). -1 Table 1. Resonance energies Eres=ℜ E res +ℑ iE res (in cm ) of metastable states at different values of the total angular momentum L ℜEres ℑEres L v rmin rmax VLmin VLmax ℜEres ℑEres (STO) (STO) 2 2.42 22.5 -920.72 0.04 0.079 −3 -9.635.10 −3 3 11 2.42 20.0 -916.89 0.10 0.095 -9.635.10 4 2.42 17.5 -911.78 0.21 0.504 -5.147.10−4 5 2.42 15.0 -905.39 0.39 0.504 -5.147.10−4 2130
8. HCMUE Journal of Science Luong Le Hai et al. 6 2.42 12.5 -897.72 0.70 0.504 -5.147.10−4 7 10 2.42 12.5 -888.78 1.03 0.504 0.972 -5.147.10−4 -5.6.10−3 8 10 2.42 12.5 -878.56 1.42 1.574 2.315 -1.321.10−1 -0.149 9 10 2.42 10.0 -867.06 2.24 1.592 3.781 -1.442.10−5 -0.499 10 2.42 10.0 -854.28 2.99 1.592 -1.442.10−5 11 9 2.42 9.5 -841.83 3.90 1.592 0.783 -1.442.10−5 -1.10−5 12 9 2.42 9.0 -827.46 5.02 4.053 0.352 -2.950.10−2 -1.10−3 13 9 2.50 9.0 -811.89 6.22 0.084 6.371 -5,022.10−23 -0.543 14 8 2.50 8.5 -795.14 7.72 0.084 -5,022.10−23 15 9 2.50 8.5 -777.18 9.27 4.623 3.141 -1.655.10−5 -1.10−5 16 8 2.50 8.5 -758.02 11.25 9.096 7.705 -1.887.10−2 -5.10−4 17 8 2.50 8.0 -737.67 13.23 4.789 12.09 -4,207.10−10 -0.032 18 7 2.50 7.5 -716.12 15.66 4.789 2.917 -4,207.10−10 -1.10−5 19 7 2.50 7.5 -693.37 18.18 11.527 9.637 -1.491.10−4 -1.10−5 20 6 2.50 7.5 -669.43 20.84 18.166 16.21 -3.764.10−2 -2.2.10−3 21 6 2.50 7.0 -644.29 24.15 6.403 4.200 -5.186.10−13 -1.10−5 22 6 2.50 7.0 -617.95 27.51 15.499 13.26 -2.981.10−6 -1.10−5 23 5 2.50 7.0 -590.42 31.02 24.465 22.220 -3.392.10−3 -2.5.10−4 24 5 2.50 7.0 -561.68 34.69 11.484 8.853 -1,290.10−12 -1.10−5 24 6 2.50 7.0 -561.68 34.69 33.184 30.74 -0.158 -0.037 25 4 2.50 6.5 -531.76 39.58 22.999 20.32 -1.101.10−6 -1.10−5 Fig. 3 shows the eigenfunctions ΦLv ()r of metastable states with complex energy values for a fixed value of the orbital momentum L. As can be seen from Fig. 1, these eigenfunctions have an increasing number of nodes localized inside the potential well ( 0 39. This minimum will exceed the dissociation threshold energy and then there will be no metastable state outside the potential well. 3.2. Calculation of scattering wave functions of metastable states For calculating scattering wave functions of metastable states, we use the KANTBP 4M program at the keypot = 2 and the mesh has been choosen as Ω=  + =  1.90, 2.00, 2.15, 2.30, 2.42, 2.50, 2.62, 2.80, seq( 3 0.25. i , i 0,11) , += += seq(6 0.5. i , i0,7) , seq( 10 2.5. i , i 0,15) 2131
9. HCMUE Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 12 (2021): 2124-2137 Table 2. Resonance energies E(res)=ℜ E (res) +ℑ iE (res) (in cm-1) of metastable states at different values of the total angular momentum L. Continuation of Table 1 ℜEres ℑEres L v rmin rmax VLmin VLmax ℜEres ℑEres (STO) (STO) 26 4 2.50 6.5 -500.63 44.18 7.996 4.773 -1.257.10−20 -1.10−5 26 5 2.50 6.5 -500.63 44.18 34.366 31.67 -1.258.10−3 -1.3.10−4 27 4 2.50 6.5 -468.31 48.96 22.032 18.779 -1.765.10−10 -1.10−5 27 5 2.50 6.5 -468.31 48.96 45.292 42.567 -0.101.10−2 0.034 28 3 2.50 6.5 -434.78 53.92 6.963 3.009 -6.232.10−27 -1.10−5 28 4 2.50 6.5 -434.78 53.92 35.992 32.731 -5.309.10−6 -1.10−5 29 3 2.50 6.0 -400.07 60.55 23.517 19.452 -2.229.10−13 -1.10−5 29 4 2.50 6.0 -400.07 60.55 49.688 46.445 -2.430.10−3 -5.2.10−4 30 2 2.50 6.0 -364.15 66.79 11.354 7.180 0 -1.10−5 30 3 2.50 6.0 -364.15 66.79 40.058 35.968 -7.639.10−8 -1.10−5 30 4 2.50 6.0 -364.15 66.79 62.792 59.548 -1.254.10−5 -0.091 31 2 2.50 6.0 -327.04 73.23 32.621 28.549 -4.357.10−13 -1.10−5 31 3 2.50 6.0 -327.04 73.23 56.542 52.550 -1.278.10−4 -1.10−5 32 2 2.50 5.75 -288.73 80.67 52.660 48.671 -8.935.10−8 -1.10−5 32 3 2.50 5.75 -288.73 80.67 72.751 68.982 -3.733.10−10 -0.013 33 1 2.50 5.75 -249.22 88.14 15.028 8.238 0 -1.10−5 33 2 2.50 5.75 -249.22 88.14 71.134 -2.398.10−9 33 3 2.50 5.75 -249.22 88.14 88.035 -8.887.10−12 34 1 2.50 5.75 -208.52 95.83 47.784 40.779 -1.401.10−14 -1.10−5 35 1 2.50 3.50 -166.62 101.46 80.663 73.432 -8.934.10−17 -1.10−5 36 1 2.50 3.50 -123.52 123.44 113.474 105.338 -9.959.10−14 -7.1.10−3 37 0 2.50 3.50 -79.23 146.04 11.780 9.538 -3.247.10−41 -1.10−5 37 1 2.50 3.50 -79.23 146.04 45.893 135.737 -1,129.10−14 -3.656 38 0 2.50 3.50 -33.73 169.25 53.592 51.2338 -1.891.10−22 -1.10−5 39 0 2.50 3.25 12.95 199.20 96.174 93.6727 -6.656.10−25 -1.10−5 40 0 2.50 3.25 60.83 227.53 139.477 136.795 -9,895.10−22 -1.10−5 41 0 2.62 3.25 102.56 256.58 183.435 180.520 -1.591.10−18 -1.2.10−3 42 0 2.62 3.25 148.34 286.33 227.964 224.726 -6.748.10−17 -0.030 43 0 2.62 3.25 195.21 316.79 272.946 269.267 -2.549.10−16 -0.173 44 0 2.62 3.25 243.17 347.96 318.196 314.016 -8.911.10−17 -0.621 45 0 2.62 3.25 292.22 379.84 364.926 358.964 -1.487.10−16 -1.622 46 0 2.62 3.0 342.36 419.21 411.060 403.449 -1.593.10−16 -5.838 47 0 2.62 3.0 393.59 458.28 457.224 445.144 -2.193.10−16 -6.238 2132
10. HCMUE Journal of Science Luong Le Hai et al. Fig. 3. Plots of real (solid curve) and imaginary (dashed curve) parts of eigenfunctions ΦLv ()r of selected metastable states having eigenvalues from the table marked by L =8, 11, 27 with corresponding v =10, 9, 5 with II kind boundary condition (Neumann condition) (5) at the left boundary point r1 =1.90 (DirL = 2) and III kind boundary condition (Robin condition) (6) at the right boundary point rmax = 50 (DirL = 3) using the asymptotic formula (8) of the “incident wave + outgoing waves” type. Fig.4. Plots of the real (solid curves) and imaginary (dashed curves) parts of scattering wave functions ΦL(r) for some selected metastable states in the vicinity of resonance energies −1 ℜEres ≈ 0.504; 1.574; 4.623; 11.527 (in cm ) at corresponding values of the total angular momentum L= 4; 8; 15; 19 2133
11. HCMUE Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 12 (2021): 2124-2137 Fig.5. Plots of the real (solid curves) and imaginary (dashed curves) parts of scattering wave functions ΦL(r) for some selected metastable states in the vicinity of resonance energies −1 ℜEres ≈ 15.499; 24.465; 22.032; 35.992 (in cm ) at corresponding values of the total angular momentum L=22; 23; 27; 28 The scattering S-matrix for some selected typical metastable states is calculated by using KANTBP 4M with formula (10) and is shown in Table 3. It can be seen that these matrices have complex elements with dimension 1x 1. Table 3. Scattering S-matrix for some selected typical metastable states at corresponding -1 resonance energies ℜEres (in cm ) and with corresponding values of the total angular momentum L L ℜEres S-scattering matrix 4 0.504 [-0.912+0.408.i] 8 1.574 [0.134+0.990.i] 15 4.623 [-0.761+0.647.i] 19 11.527 [0.971-0.236.i] 22 15.499 [-0.985-0.167.i] 23 24.465 [-0.872-0.489.i] 27 22.032 [0.349-0.936.i] 28 35.992 [-0.657+0.753.i] Fig. 4 and 5 show the real (solid curves) and imaginary (dashed curves) parts of scattering wave functions ΦL(r) for metastable states at energies close to a very narrow resonance at different values of the total angular momentum L. As can be seen from Fig. 1, for the resonance energy, the scattering wave functions are seen to be localized within the 2134
12. HCMUE Journal of Science Luong Le Hai et al. potential well ( 0 10) i.e. above the dissociation threshold with large of L, the metastable states disappear and the scattering wave functions will decrease exponentially. This means that the scattering of the diatomic beryllium molecule only occurs strongly in the potential well below the threshold energy i.e. in the interaction region between two atoms. To calculate scattering wave functions, we can calculate the transmission T and reflection R amplitudes. From that, we can also formulate BVP for calculating scattering wave functions for metastable states of beryllium trimer (triatomic molecule). 4. Conclusion This paper presented a computational scheme and calculation results of scattering functions for metastable states of a diatomic beryllium molecule in laser spectroscopy. The efficacy of the applied approach and program is demonstrated by the approximation of the tabulated potential function in a finite interval and its extension beyond this interval using asymptotic expansions and its matching via interpolation Hermite polynomials and modeling calculations of the rotational vibrational spectrum of narrow-band metastable states with complex-valued energy eigenvalues. For selected metastable states the corresponding scattering states with real-values resonance energies are calculated and shown in graphs. These results have significant importance for further experiments in laser spectroscopy of the beryllium dimer. It is also important for modeling a near-surface diffusion of the beryllium dimers in connection with the well-known multifunctional use of beryllium alloys in modern technologies of the electronic, space, and nuclear industries. In the future based on these results and the presented FEM program, we can develop this implementation for the calculation of scattering wave functions for metastable states of beryllium trimer (triatomic molecule) and waveguide problems by solving the eigenvalue and scattering problems in the closed coupled channel method for high-precision laser spectroscopy.  Conflict of Interest: Authors have no conflict of interest to declare.  Acknowledgements. The work was supported by the Ho Chi Minh City University of Education (Grant CS.2020.19.47). 2135
13. HCMUE Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 12 (2021): 2124-2137 REFERENCES Derbov, V. L., Chuluunbaatar, G., Gusev, A. A., Chuluunbaatar, O., Vinitsky, S. I., Gozdz, A., Krassovitskiy, P. M., & Mitin, A. V. (2020). On calculations of metastable and Rydberg states of diatomic beryllium molecule and antiprotonic helium atom. In: Proc. of SPIE., 11458, 114580. Derbov, V. L., Chuluunbaatar, G., Gusev, A. A., Chuluunbaatar, O., Vinitsky, S. I., Gozdz, A., Krassovitskiy, P. M., Filikhin, I., & Mitin, A. V. (2021). Spectrum of beryllium dimer in 1 + ground X Σ g state. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf, 262, 107529–1-10. Gusev, A., Vinitsky, S., Gerdt, V., Chuluunbaatar, O., Chuluunbaatar, G., Hai L. L., & Zima, E. (2021). A maple implementation of the finite element method for solving boundary problems of the systems of ordinary second order differential equations. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. CCIS., (1414), 152-166. Gusev, A. A., Luong, L. L., Chuluunbaatar, O., Vinitsky S. I., KANTBP 4M – program for solving boundary problems of the self-adjoint system of ordinary second order differential equations. JINRLIB; 2015. Retrieved from Gusev, A., Chuluunbaatar, O., Vinitsky, S., Derbov, V. L., Gozdz, A., Krassovitskiy, P. M., Filikhin, I., Mitin A. V., Luong, L., H., & Tran, T., L. (2019). On rotational-vibrational spectrum of diatomic beryllium molecule. In: Proceedings of SPIE., 11066(1), 1106619. Gusev, A. A., Gerdt, V. P., Luong L. H., Derbov, V. L., Vinitsky, S. I. & Chuluunbaatar, O. (2016). Symbolic-Numeric Algorithms for Solving BVPs for a System of ODEs of the Second Order: Multichannel Scattering and Eigenvalue Problems. CASC, Springer International Publishing Switzerland, LNCS., 9890(1), 212-227. Gusev, A. A., Luong, L., H., Chuluunbaatar, O., Ulziibayar, V., Vinitsky, S. I., Derbov, V. L., Gozdz, A., & Rostovtsev, V. A. (2015). Symbolic-numeric solution of boundary-value problems for the Schrodinger equation using the finite element method: scattering problem and resonance states. CASC, Springer International Publishing Switzerland, LNCS., 9301(1), 182-197. Koput, J. (2011). The ground-state potential energy function of a beryllium dimer determined using the single-reference coupled-cluster approach. PCCP., 13(45), 20311. Lesiuk, M., Przybytek, M., Balcerzak, J. G., Musial, M., & Moszynski, R. (2019). Ab initio potential energy curve for the ground state of beryllium dimer. J. Chem. Theory Comput, (15), 2470-2480. Merritt, J. M., Bondybey, V. E., & Heaven, M. C. (2009). Beryllium dimer caught in the act of bonding. Science, 324(5934), 1548-1551. Meshkov, V. V., Stolyarov, A. V., Heaven, M. C., Haugen, C., & LeRoy, R. J. (2014). Direct- 1 + potential-fit analyses yield improved empirical potentials for the ground X g state of Be2. J. Chem. Phys., 6(140), 064315. σ Mitin, A. V. (2011). Ab initio calculations of weakly bonded He2 and Be2 molecules by MRCI method with pseudonatural molecular orbitals. Int. J. Quantum Chem., (111), 2560-2567. Mitin, A. V. (2017). Unusual chemical bonding in the beryllium dimer and its twelve vibrational levels. Chem Phys Lett., (682), 30-3. NIST. Physical Measurement Laboratory. Atomic spectroscopy databases. Retrieved from 2136
14. HCMUE Journal of Science Luong Le Hai et al. Patkowski, K., Spirko, V., & Szalewicz, K. (2009). On the elusive twelfth vibrational state of beryllium dimer. Science, (326), 1382-1384. Porsev, S. G., & Derevianko, A. (2006). High-accuracy calculations of dipole, quadrupole, and octupole electric dynamic polarizabilities and van der Waals coefficients C6, C8, and C10 for alkaline-earth dimers. JETP., (102), 195-205. Sheng, X. W., Kuang, X. Y., Li, P., & Tang, K. T. (2013). Analyzing and modeling the interaction potential of the ground-state beryllium dimer. Phys. Rev. A, (88), 022517. Streng, G., & Fics, G. (1977). Theory of finite element method. Moscow: World. TÍNH TOÁN HÀM SểNG TÁN XẠ ỨNG VỚI CÁC TRẠNG THÁI SIấU BỀN CỦA PHÂN TỬ LƯỠNG NGUYấN TỬ BERYLI Lương Lờ Hải1*, Nguyễn Minh Nhựt1, Lưu Kim Liờn1, Gusev Alexander Alexandrovich2 1Trường Đại học Sư phạm Thành phố Hồ Chớ Minh, Việt Nam 2Viện Liờn hiệp Nghiờn cứu Hạt nhõn Dubna, Thành phố Dubna, Liờn bang Nga *Tỏc giả liờn hệ: Lương Lờ Hải – Email: haill@hcmue.edu.vn Ngày nhận bài: 23-9-2021; ngày nhận bài sửa: 09-11-2021; ngày chấp nhận đăng: 08-12-2021 TểM TẮT Trong bài bỏo này chỳng tụi trỡnh bày sơ đồ thuật toỏn và kết quả tớnh toỏn hàm súng tỏn xạ đối với cỏc trạng thỏi siờu bền của phõn tử lưỡng nguyờn tử Beryli trong quang phổ laser. Nghiệm của bài toỏn biờn được tớnh toỏn bằng chương trỡnh phần mềm được biờn soạn bởi tỏc giả bài bỏo cựng cỏc cộng sự khoa học ở Viện Liờn hiệp Nghiờn cứu Hạt nhõn Dubna, Thành phố Dubna, Liờn bang Nga. Cỏc thuật toỏn của chương trỡnh tớnh toỏn này dựa trờn phương phỏp phần tử hữu hạn với độ chớnh xỏc cao. Hàm thế năng được cho ở dạng bảng giỏ trị được nối với hàm thế năng tiệm cận Waals bằng cỏch sử dụng đa thức nội suy Hermite và đảm bảo tớnh liờn tục của nghiệm hàm cựng đạo hàm của nú. Sự hiệu quả của chương trỡnh tớnh toỏn này được thể hiện bằng việc tớnh toỏn cỏc giỏ trị năng lượng cộng hưởng ở dạng phức của cỏc trạng thỏi siờu bền trong phổ xung động quay của phõn tử lưỡng nguyờn tử Beryli. Với cỏc trạng thỏi siờu bền này, cỏc hàm súng tỏn xạ tương ứng với năng lượng cộng hưởng mang giỏ trị thực được tớnh toỏn và biểu diễn dưới dạng đồ thị. Từ khúa: bài toỏn tỏn xạ; chương trỡnh KANTBP 4M; phõn tử lưỡng nguyờn tử beryli; phương phỏp phần tử hữu hạn; trạng thỏi siờu bền 2137