Giải pháp phát triển logistics trên địa bàn Tây Nguyên

Nội dung text: Giải pháp phát triển logistics trên địa bàn Tây Nguyên

1. Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Thương mại và phân phối” lần 1 năm 2018 SOLUTIONS FOR LOGISTICS DEVELOPMENT IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS GIẢI PHÁP PHÁT TRIỂN LOGISTICS TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN TÂY NGUYÊN PGS. TS. Đặng Văn Mỹ ThS. Nguyễn Thị Thúy Hạnh Phân hiệu Đại học Đà Nẵng tại Kon Tum Email: dvanmy@gmail.com ntthanh296@gmail.com Abstract Logistics is one of the major expenditures for businesses, thereby affecting and being affected by other economic activities. Logistics plays a key role in socio-economic development in the central highlands. However, logistics activities in the Central Highlands still are limited and face many difficulties. The paper indicated the situation of logisitics in the Central Highlands and propose some solutions for logistics development to improve business efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises in the Central Highlands. Keywords: logistics, the central highlands, solutions, situation, companies Tóm tắt Chi phí Logistics là một trong những chi phí quan trọng của doanh nghiệp, do đó nó ảnh hưởng đến tất cả hoạt động kinh tế khác. Hoạt động logistics đóng vai trò rất quan trọng đối với sự phát triển kinh tế xã hội của Tây Nguyên. Tuy nhiên, hoạt động logisitics của Tây Nguyên còn gặp rất nhiều khó khăn và hạn chế. Bài viết phân tích thực trạng logistics ở Tây Nguyên và đề xuất một số giải pháp phát triển logisitics nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả hoạt động và năng lực cạnh tranh của doanh nghiệp trên địa bàn Tây Nguyên. Từ khóa: logisitcs, Tây Nguyên, giải pháp, thực trạng, công ty 1. Introduction In Vietnam, logistics services started to develop on the basis of freight forwarding services since 1986. Logistics performance index (LPI) of Vietnam in 2018 ranked 39/160 countries (The world bank, 2018). In the ASEAN region, Vietnam ranks third after Singapore (7) and Thailand (32). Vietnam's position on Logistics Performance Index (LPI) in 2018 has risen 25 places compared to two years ago, jumping to 39th among 160 surveyed countries. However, the level of development of logistics is very low, according to the National Database on Enterprise Registration, by the end of March, 2018, there were 296,469 businesses registered in the industry, occupations related to logistics (Phan Trang, 2018). The activity of logistics enterprises is monotonous, lack of connection, high cost The contribution of this sector to the economy is not commensurate with the potential, only at about 3% of GDP while in some developing countries, logistics contributes 15-20% of GDP (Le Dang Phuc, 2018). Logistics costs in Vietnam are equivalent to 16-17% of gross domestic product (GDP). High value-added products such as automobiles, electronic components, and steel have a relatively low logistics cost of less than 5%. Meanwhile, consumer goods, e-commerce, supermarkets, apparel or agricultural products, the ratio is from 10-20%. And in the logistics cost, the company said transport costs accounted for the highest proportion of 60-80%, followed by loading and unloading (Vietnam logistics association, 2018). In the past years, with a great sense of importance and efficiency from logistics, Vietnam has focused on building and developing logistics services in Vietnam. The Central highlands included 5 provinces such as Đak Lak, Gia Lai, Kon Tum, Đak Nong, Lam Đong. The Central highlands is one of the six key economic regions in Vietnam. Besides, Tay Nguyen has many potential and advantages to develop logistics activities. In fact, it is strategically located in the central part of the mountainous area of South Indochina, with natural corridors connecting southern Laos, northeastern Cambodia, and an interconnected system of roads connecting 735
2. Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Thương mại và phân phối” lần 1 năm 2018 provinces. in the central and southeastern seaboard, there are international border gates on the East- West corridor and not too far from deep-water seaports such as Dung Quat, Chan May, Nhon Hoi. Thus, Vietnamese government has identified and developed the Central highlands, to form and develop 6 first- and second-class logistics centers and one specialized aviation logistics center (Government, 2015). In fact, there are no logistics centers as well as many enterprises operating in this field in the Central Highlands. There are still many difficulties such as the condition of infrastructure, technical infrastructure, social infrastructure is limited. More importantly, human resources for logistics are lacking in a serious way, enterprises do not have adequate understanding of functions, logistics operations The Central Highlands is the region with the lowest number of logistics enterprises in the region, accounting for 2.4% of total logistics enterprises in the country. In addition, 90% of logistics enterprises in Vietnam when registered capital is less than 10 billion. This shows that most businesses are involved in logistics at small scale (Phan Trang, 2018). The paper will indicate the situation of logisitics in the Central Highlands and propose solutions for logistics development to improve business efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises in the Central Highlands. 2. Literature There are different definitions of logistics, each approaching in different perspectives, thus containing different content. Logistics is the process of delivering the right product to the right place, at the right time, with the right conditions and costs for the consumer (Douglas et al, 1998). The concept of logistics used today is the concept of Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals, logistics management is a part of supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow. services of information, services and information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers' requirements (Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals, 2005). Logistics services are commercial activities whereby traders organize one or more stages, including receiving, transporting, storing, storing, carrying out customs procedures, other paperwork procedures. packaging, marking, assignment, or other services related to the goods as agreed with the customer for remuneration (Vietnam Trade Law, 2005). Logistics services are services related to activities that optimize the whole process of production and business, including from the supply of inputs to the consumption of products, which is self-organizing by the manufacturing enterprises or outsourcing that affects the business performance of each enterprise in the market (Nguyen Xuan Hao, 2015). International logistics research focuses on three main aspects: micro-logistics; mesco logistics- logistics of the sector / region and macro-logistics (in the economy of a country and in the global economy). Logistic approach at macro level: The macro view focuses on the contribution to a country’s economic and social development, and the satisfaction of public needs. Logistics Performance Index (LPI) of the World Bank in the years 2007, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018. The 2018 LPI also provides expanded data on supply chain performance and constraints in more than 100 countries, including information on time, distance and reliability, and ratings on domestic infrastructure quality, services, and border agencies. LPI reports provide an overview of global logistics status as well as countries and regions around the world (The World bank, 2018). Individual logistics users are concerned about cost, efficiency, and service quality (including safety, transit time, and reliability), and demand that logistics enterprises reduce cost and improve speed and service quality. From the macroeconomic and social perspectives, however, logistics is concerned with more than just achieving economic efficiency. It should also reduce external costs (e.g., safety hazards and pollution), conserve energy, and optimally utilize the country’s resources) (Asian Development Bank, 2012). Bookbinder et al (2003) compares the logistics systems of Asia and Europe and categorises them into distinct levels of logistics excellence. The paper 736
3. Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Thương mại và phân phối” lần 1 năm 2018 objectively segregate European and Asian logistics systems into three logistics tiers. After finding that the top-ranking logistics systems of Europe and Asia are from Denmark and Singapore, respectively, those two countries are studied in detail to draw logistics lessons applicable elsewhere. Banomyong et al (2015) present and analyse the current situation regarding the capability of the national logistics system in Vietnam. There are still numerous shortcomings in the Vietnamese logistics system. These shortcomings are not purely infrastructure based but also from a regulatory and commercial perspective. The findings can help foreign investors, international logistics providers wanting to provide their services in Vietnam to understand the logistics context within the country. These findings are also helpful for policy makers in Vietnam on how to improve their national logistics system. Logistics plays a key role in the national economy of Vietnam in two significant ways. First, logistics is one of the major expenditures for businesses, thereby affecting and being affected by other economic activities. Second, logistics supports the movement of many economic transactions; it is an important aspect of facilitating the sale of all goods and services (Grant et al, 2006). Logistics approach in the meso level: A mes- sial logistics system demonstrates the synergies and linkages between different actors in the transport and logistics sector such as logistics service providers and policy makers within a region or certain geography. These approaches are often studied and addressed in aspects such as logistics centers and urban logistics or urban logistics studies. Fechner (2010) provided the role of logistics centers in the national logistics system. Logistics centers can be divided into international, regional and local. Due to the variety of functions carried out in them in relation to business activities, the logistics centers also have a positive effect on the development of towns and regions. Logistics approach in the micro level: The micro view focuses on the level of satisfaction of individual users, including manufacturers, traders, and other commercial enterprises (Asian Development Bank, 2012). At micro level, logistics system is defined as a system of technical and organisational means and people necessary for the flow of goods and accompanying information, which is specifically organised and integrated within a given business area. It consists of the following subsystems: supply subsystem, production servicing subsystem, distribution subsystem, transport subsystem, warehouse subsystem and relations between them (Jacyna 2009). Business logistics systems whose decisions are mainly based on their own logistics tradeoffs among transport, inventory, and facility costs, national logistics systems also have to consider other non-economic tradeoffs such as social and environmental costs. There are many scientists working on this issue, such as Douglas et al., 1998; Christopher (2016) and Ballou (2007). In general, logistics studies focus on micro-enterprise while at regional and national levels are limited. There are very few researches on logistics in Vietnam. The first book specializing in logistics is published in Vietnam is Logistics- The basic problem (2003), next to Logisitcs Management (2006) by Prof. Dr. Doan Thi Hong Van. Two books focused on theoretical issues in logistics and logistics management but the content is very limited. Solutions for effective mergers and acquisitions (M & A) activities of logistics enterprises in Vietnam (Nguyen Thi Huong, 2013). The author discussed the nature of M & A, the status and trends of M & A among logistics companies in Vietnam over the past few years to suggest some solutions to effectively execute the M & A activities of logistics enterprises in Vietnam. Nguyen Van Duc (2011) confirmed the role and importance of the supply chain in cost optimization and the supply of goods and services. The author set out the supply chain planning steps to produce and control the risks that need to be addressed: supply chain management; long-term strategic planning; comprehensive quality management; effectively meet customer needs. Besides, it was difficult to identify Vietnamese enterprises when there is no common or lacking of measurement indices between departments, as well as the lack of analytical and data for long-term customer 737
4. Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Thương mại và phân phối” lần 1 năm 2018 forecasting. In addition, domestic articles and dissertations focused on a typical enterprise such as Vinalink logistics joint stock company (Phung Anh Vu, 2015) or Viettel Post Joint Stock Company (Le Van Doan, 2015). 3. The situation of logisitics in the Central Highlands 3.1. The number of logistics companies The central highlands is the region with the lowest number of logistics enterprises. According to the National Database on Business Registration, by the end of March, 2018, there were 296,499 businesses registered in the logistics industry, concentrated mainly in the area with convenient transportation: the Red River Delta (38.8%), followed by the South East (33.8%), the North Central Coast and the Central Coast (14.2%), the Northern Mountains (5.6%), the Mekong Delta (5.2%) and the Central Highlands (2.4%) (Ministry of planning and investment, 2018). Figure 1: The number of logistics companies by region in Vietnam (Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2018) 3.2. Transport services There was a significant increase of volume of freight carried in the central Highlands. The number of freight carried in 2017 increased by more than 20% compared in 2016. Gia Lai was the province that was highest volume of freight carried, followed by Dak Lak and Lam Dong. The volume of freight carried in the central highlands accounted for nearly 3.6% of country (Table 1). Table 1: Volume of freight carried by province (Thousand tons) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 WHOLE COUNTRY 822,163.8 909,786.2 972,311.8 1,043,632.2 1,123,943.5 1,247,349.9 Central Highlands 26,874.8 29,340.4 34,065.2 35,922.4 37,603.0 45,233.1 Kon Tum 2,890.1 3,104.0 3,467.2 3,678.7 4,087.0 4,509.6 Gia Lai 8,264.7 8,801.9 10,667.9 11,414.6 13,857.4 15,717.0 Dak Lak 8,885.2 10,004.9 11,225.5 11,758.6 12,358.0 13,087.8 Dak Nong 774.4 800.7 860.0 885.8 1,045.2 1,144.3 Lam Dong 6,060.4 6,628.9 7,844.6 8,184.7 6,255.4 10,774.4 (General Statistics Office of Vietnam, 2018) 738
5. Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Thương mại và phân phối” lần 1 năm 2018 Table 2 provided information about the Volume of freight traffic by province. the Volume of freight traffic in the central highlands accounted for 4.3% of country. Gia Lai and Dak Lak were the province that had the highest volume of freight traffic in this region. Table 2: Volume of freight traffic by province (Millions tons) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 WHOLE COUNTRY 82,470.0 89,640.0 97,587.4 102,933.5 111,964.4 124,517.7 Central Highlands 3,087.2 3,432.2 4,084.7 4,367.3 4,462.5 5,383.8 Kon Tum 183.7 199.7 353.1 386.5 430.7 475.1 Gia Lai 1,279.7 1,412.8 1,572.7 1,684.4 1,793.9 2,106.0 Dak Lak 852.4 966.7 1,119.4 1,184.3 1,269.5 1,402.8 Dak Nong 61.8 64.9 68.8 71.3 84.8 99.7 Lam Dong 709.6 788.1 970.7 1,040.8 883.6 1,300.2 (General Statistics Office of Vietnam, 2018) The volume of freight carried in the central highland was mainly transported by the road accounted for 99,93%. There was a few of goods transported by the waterway. Dak Lak was the only province that has the quantity of freight carried by the waterway. However, the number of goods was transported was small at 32.2 thousand tons. Table 3: Volume of freight carried by the road by province (Thousand tons) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 WHOLE COUNTRY 633,848.7 705,110.0 758,930.6 817,138.2 881,649.4 980,267.3 Central Highlands 26,841.5 29,316.4 34,028.2 35,889.3 37,568.6 45,200.9 Kon Tum 2,890.1 3,104.0 3,467.2 3,678.7 4,087.0 4,509.6 Gia Lai 8,264.7 8,801.9 10,667.9 11,414.6 13,857.4 15,717.0 Dak Lak 8,864.0 9,980.9 11,188.5 11,725.6 12,323.6 13,055.6 Dak Nong 774.4 800.7 860.0 885.7 1,045.2 1,144.3 Lam Dong 6,048.3 6,628.9 7,844.6 8,184.7 6,255.4 10,774.4 (General Statistics office of Vietnam, 2018) Table 4: Volume of freight carried by the waterway by province (Thousand tons) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 WHOLE COUNTRY 188,315.0 204,676.2 213,381.1 226,494.1 242,294.1 267,082.6 Central Highlands 33.3 24.0 37.0 33.0 34.4 32.2 Dak Lak 21.2 24.0 37.0 33.0 34.4 32.2 Lam Dong 12.1 (General Statistics office of Vietnam, 2018) 739
6. Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Thương mại và phân phối” lần 1 năm 2018 In general, the volume of goods transported in the Central Highlands is quite small and mainly transported by the road. The number of logistics companies is low. Besides, the condition of infrastructure, technical infrastructure, social infrastructure is limited. 4. Solutions for logistics development in the central highlands 4.1. Infrastructure investment Investment in developing infrastructure to develop logistics services plays an important role. In recent years, it can be said that the logistics infrastructure of our country has been invested quite large, however, the results can be said to have many limitations. This has made the price and cost of goods production in our country is generally high, and therefore, the competitiveness of our economy is greatly reduced. In fact, the road system has many limitations such as narrow road surface and poor road quality. So it caused many traffic jams and accidents, and the quality of the road quickly deteriorated due to the rapid increase in traffic and much. Therefore, the government must attach the infrastructure development plan to the logistics development plan. Besides, the state should orient and implement investment in infrastructure serving the logistics sector includes roads systems, warehouse systems, airports. The logistics infrastructure system includes physical infrastructure such as traffic systems, wharves, and soft infrastructure such as human resources, policy systems, and regulations, procedures Thus, it is necessary to focus resources on IT infrastructure development and adopt policies to encourage enterprises to invest in and develop new technologies. 4.2. Improving the efficiency of state management of logistics services The role of the state is very important through tools such as policy making, human resources training Regarding state management, it is necessary to encourage and support enterprises of all economic sectors to invest in investment projects on logistics services in industrial clusters, river ports and logistics service projects. Package "such as warehouse business, cargo transportation, customs agent, bonded warehouse, consulting services, packaging are quality and efficiency. In particular, the State supports investment in road infrastructure and dredging of waterways. In addition, the state should complete the legal framework for enhancing competitiveness and developing logistics services. 4.3. Improving the quality of logistics human resources The training to have professional personnel in logistics is extremely important. Any company, always need skilled personnel, can solve quickly and accurately what customers demand. Therefore, the most important is the training of human resources appropriate for the job. Strengthen coordination between the Association of logisitics service enterprises and logistics research institutes and universities to train human resources. 5. Conclusion In the global trend, the competition among nations in the world is becoming fiercer and fiercer. Developing logistics services effectively will contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the economy and the nation. Logistics helps solve both input and output for businesses efficiently, optimizing the process of moving materials, goods, services to reduce costs, increase competitiveness for businesses. Logistics plays a key role in bringing the product to the right place at the right time. Products and services can only satisfy the customer and are valid only if and when it reaches the customer on time and at the designated location. In the current market economy, the competition among enterprises is becoming more and more stronger. In order to be able to stand up in that environment, businesses need to create advantages, especially in logistics. Logistics creates the usefulness of time and place for the operations of the business, contributing to saving and reducing the cost of circulation in the distribution of goods. Developing logistics effectively helps businesses 740
7. Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Thương mại và phân phối” lần 1 năm 2018 achieve their goals of profitability and market share, while contributing to the competitiveness of their businesses and the national economy. Tay Nguyen has many potential and advantages to develop logistics activities. However, logistics activities in the Central Highlands still face many difficulties. The paper shows the situation of logisitics in the Central Highlands and propose solutions for logistics development to improve business efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises in the Central Highlands. REFERENCES 1. Nguyen Xuan Hao (2015). The impact of logistics services on the business performance of manufacturing enterprises in Quang Binh province, PhD thesis, National Economics University, 2015. 2. Asian Development Bank, 2012.Transport efficiency through logistics development. Review from study.pdf 3. Ballou, R. H. (2007). Business logistics/supply chain management: planning, organizing, and controlling the supply chain. Pearson Education India. 4. Banomyong, R., Thai, V. V., & Yuen, K. F. (2015). Assessing the national logistics system of Vietnam. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 31(1), 21-58. 5. Bookbinder, J. H., & Tan, C. S. (2003). Comparison of Asian and European logistics systems. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 33(1), 36-58. 6. Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics & supply chain management. Pearson UK. 7. Doan Thi Hong Van (2003). Logistics- The basis. Social Labor Publisher 8. Doan Thi Hong Van (2006). Logisitcs management. Statistics Publisher 9. Douglas, L. M., Stock, J. R., & Ellram, L. M. (1998). Fundamentals of logistics management. Singapure: Mc Graw Hill. 10. Fechner, I. (2010). Role of logistics centres in national logistics system. Electronic Scientific Journal of Logistics, 6(2). 11. General Statistics office of Vietnam, 2018. Volume of freight carried by province from 2011 to 2016 12. General Statistics office of Vietnam, 2018.Volume of freight carried by the waterway by province from 2011 to 2016 13. General Statistics office of Vietnam, 2018.Volume of freight traffic by province from 2011 to 2016 14. General Statistics office of Vietnam, 2018Volume of freight carried by the road by province from 2011 to 2016. 15. Government, 2015. Quyết định số 1012/ QĐ-TTg, ngày 3-7-2015 về việc phê duyệt Quy hoạch phát triển hệ thống trung tâm logistics trên địa bàn cả nước đến năm 2020, định hướng đến năm 2030. 16. Grant, D.B., Lambert, D.M., Stock, J. R. and Ellram, L.M. (2006), Fundamentals of Logistics Management, Berkshire, UK: McGraw-Hill. 17. Jacyna, M. (2013), “Cargo flow distribution on the transportation network of the national logistic system.” International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, Vol.15, No.2, pp.197-218. 18. Le Dang Phuc (2018). Study and propose models and solutions to invest in the construction of a logistics center serving the port of Hai Phong international gateway in Lach Huyen. PhD thesis in economics. Vietnam Maritime University. 19. Le Van Doan (2015). Development of logistic services business in viettel general corporation. Postgraduate Master of Business Administration. National University of Hanoi - University of Economics 20. Ministry of planning and investment, 2018. The number of businesses registered in the logistics industry. 741
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