Implementation of csr in FDI enterprises to sustainable development: Lessons from china steel and nippon steel vietnam joint stock company

Nội dung text: Implementation of csr in FDI enterprises to sustainable development: Lessons from china steel and nippon steel vietnam joint stock company

1. IMPLEMENTATION OF CSR IN FDI ENTERPRISES TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: LESSONS FROM CHINA STEEL AND NIPPON STEEL VIETNAM JOINT STOCK COMPANY Nguyen Nam Hung1 Abstract: After more than 30 years of reform, Vietnam has made many changes in all aspects of social life. Especially, in the economic field, the presence of FDI enterprises has helped us achieve important goals of economic growth. However, it has also caused negative impacts on society and the natural environment. Implementing CSR at enterprises in general and FDI enterprises is one of the important solutions for Vietnam to achieve the national sustainable development goal. The article, on the basis of using the method of synthesis, comparison and analysis of secondary sources, will contribute to clarifying the role of CSR performance of FDI enterprises in the goal of sustainable development, the case of China steel sumikin Vietnam Joint Stock Company, from which some lessons learned and recommendations were drawn. Keywords: CSR, development, sustainable, FDI 1. INTRODUCTION International economic integration has become a big trend of the modern world and has taken place strongly in many fields. For developing countries like Vietnam, international economic integration is the best way to shorten the lag behind other countries in the world. In order to accelerate that process, it is necessary to call for foreign investment capital sources and occupies an important position and role. At the same time, in the development process, the Party and State have also thoroughly grasped the policy throughout, which is: “Fast, effective and sustainable development, progress, social justice and environmental protection”; “Socio-economic development is closely linked with the protection and improvement of the environment, ensuring the harmony between the artificial environment and the natural environment, preserving biodiversity”; “Protecting the environment is a requirement throughout the development process, the responsibility of the whole political system, community, businesses and people”. Implementing the above policy and viewpoint, the Government has directed, administered and issued many preferential policies to attract FDI in socio-economic development. Accordingly, Vietnam’s consistent stance when calling for FDI, not only contributes to the growth of the economy, but more importantly, ensures sustainable development goals. To achieve that goal, the implementation of CSR in FDI enterprises will be an effective and extremely important solution. Regarding this issue, currently, in Vietnam, there have been a number of studies on CSR, the role of CSR with the sustainable development of enterprises. 1 Thai Nguyen University of Technology; Email: namhung1987@gmail.com 924
2. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: GLOBAL FDI AND RESPONSES OF FDI ENTERPRISES IN VIETNAM IN THE NEW CONTEXT 925 The study “CSR activities of Japanese enterprises and lessons learned for Vietnam” by Nguyen Thu Thuy and Nguyen Hong Quan (2017) clarifies the theory of CSR, implementation practices and models CSR of some Japanese enterprises and lessons for Vietnam [15] The study “Social responsibility of textile and garment enterprises in Vietnam in terms of CPTPP integration” by Duong Thi Lieu (2020) affirms that CSR is a way that businesses often apply as a strategy to seek long-term profit, along with social welfare as well as environmental protection. This study also clarifies the requirements of CSR in the CPTPP and the current status of CSR implementation in enterprises in Vietnam, thereby proposing solutions to implement CSR and meet the requirements set out in the CPTPP for businesses. textiles [14] The study “Social responsibility with corporate sustainability” by author Bui That Giang (2020) has shown that the full implementation of corporate social responsibilities such as ensuring honesty, transparency information in the dividends that shareholders are entitled to, charitable contributions, environmental protection funds and proper waste treatment, etc will help businesses improve their image, enhance brand value and his reputation [13] According to the author’s approach, there has not been any research focusing on clarifying the implementation of CSR of FDI enterprises with the goals of sustainable development of enterprises and national sustainability. On the other hand, in the course of research and practice, we found that China Steel and Nippon Steel Vietnam Joint Stock Company (CVVC), although officially put into operation on 11/01/2013, has the awareness and correct actions in the implementation of CSR and has developed sustainably for eight years. Therefore, we chose the topic: “Implementing CSR in FDI enterprises towards sustainable development: Lessons from China Steel and Nippon Steel Vietnam Joint Stock Company”. 2. THEORETICAL BASIS AND RESEARCH METHODS 2.1. Theoretical basis Sustainable Development From the 1980s, there have been many concepts of sustainable development in the world. However, in 2002, the concept of “sustainable development” was completed and supplemented at the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg (South Africa). Accordingly, “Sustainable development is a development process with a close, reasonable and harmonious combination of three aspects of development, including: economic development, social development and environmental protection” [9]. The three aspects of sustainable development are closely related. In particular, economic growth is the foundation to solve social problems such as poverty reduction and job creation. However, economic growth also has negative impacts on social development and environmental protection. If economic development is fast and does not pay attention to social and environmental goals, it can cause rich-poor divide, social inequality, environmental pollution, and waste of natural resources. Therefore, economic development plays an important role in the country’s sustainable development goals. In Vietnam, sustainable development is a cross-cutting point in the policies of the Party and State, integrated in the socio-economic development strategy and socio- economic development plan. The Prime Minister has promulgated the Vietnam Sustainable
3. 926 KỶ YẾU HỘI THẢO KHOA HỌC QUỐC TẾ FDI TOÀN CẦU VÀ ỨNG BIẾN CỦA DOANH NGHIỆP FDI TẠI VIỆT NAM TRONG BỐI CẢNH MỚI Development Strategy for the period 2011-2020, the National Action Plan to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations. The goal of Vietnam’s sustainable growth is to maintain sustainable economic growth along with progress, social justice and environmental protection, efficient management and use of resources, proactive respond to climate change, ensuring that all people can realize their full potential, participate and equally enjoy the fruits of development; building a peaceful, prosperous, inclusive, just, democratic, civilized and sustainable Vietnamese society. [2] FDI enterprises According to the 2005 Investment Law, FDI enterprises include enterprises established by foreign investors to carry out investment activities in Vietnam; Vietnamese enterprises by foreign investors buying shares, merging or acquiring. On August 20, 2019, the Politburo issued Resolution No.50-NQ/TW on orientations to perfect institutions and policies, and improve the quality and efficiency of foreign investment cooperation to 2030. Accordingly, the Resolution decides the direction of “Improving standards and technical regulations on products, environmental protection, natural resources and energy saving in accordance with regional and world standards. Expansion or extension of operation is not considered for projects using outdated technology, potentially causing environmental pollution and resource-intensive”. This shows that the Party’s point of view in attracting and using FDI capital must be towards the goal of sustainable development. Corporate Social Responsibilities CSR is a term that first appeared in the book “Social Responsibilities of the Businessmen” (1953) by H. R. Bowen. There, CSR is understood as a property manager who does not harm the rights and interests of others, calling for charity to compensate for damages caused by businesses harming society [9]. Currently, there are many definitions of CSR: Table 1. Some common CSR concepts Definition source Definition Commission of the European Communities, 2001 A concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis World Business Council for Sustainable The commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic development, Development, 1999 working with employees, their families, the local community and society at large to improve their quality of life World Business Council for Sustainable Corporate social responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave Development, 2000 ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as the local community and society at large Commission of the European Communities, 2001 Corporate social responsibility is essentially a concept whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute to a better society and a cleaner environment Business for Social Business decision making linked to ethical IBLF, 2003 Open and transparent business practices based on ethical values and respect for employees, communities and the environment, which will contribute to sustainable business success Source: Alexander Dahlsrud [8]
4. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: GLOBAL FDI AND RESPONSES OF FDI ENTERPRISES IN VIETNAM IN THE NEW CONTEXT 927 As such, there is currently no universally accepted definition of CSR. Each definition has its own meaning and approach. However, in general, CSR is the actions of enterprises that must be in accordance with human ethics; businesses should practice CSR towards employees, customers, government, suppliers and other stakeholders as well as corporate shareholders; at the same time rational use of natural resources and environmental protection. 2.2. Research Methods The article mainly uses secondary data collected from books, newspapers, specialized magazines, websites, summary reports of FDI organizations, agencies and enterprises, etc. By synthesizing documents, comparing and analyzing statistics, the article contributes to clarifying the role of CSR implementation in FDI enterprises for sustainable development goals, and a specific case study on CSR implementation in FDI enterprises, from which to draw lessons and make recommendations. 3. RESEARCH RESULTS 3.1. The role of CSR implementation in FDI enterprises with the goal of sustainable development From the theoretical basis, it can be seen that the implementation of CSR in FDI enterprises has a significant impact on the national sustainability goal. As an important part of the economy, the activities of FDI enterprises strongly affect the development of the economy and social life as well as the ecological environment. Besides the positive effects such as contributing to economic development, creating jobs, increasing state budget revenue, FDI enterprises can also cause some negative impacts on the environment and society. , which directly affects the national sustainable development goals. Implementing CSR at these enterprises, with activities to protect workers’ rights and protect the environment, are direct and important contributions to realizing the goal of sustainable development. In Vietnam, the strong development of the economy along with the significant impact of FDI enterprises on the economy, society and environment in recent times is the context that makes the implementation of CSR in these enterprises play an indispensable role. Over the years, Vietnam has achieved many remarkable achievements in economic development. In 2019, GDP growth reached 7.02% compared to 2018; although lower than the growth rate of 7.08% in 2018 but higher than the growth rate of 2011-2017 and exceeded the target set by the National Assembly of 6, 6-6.8%. [4] With extensive economic integration, Vietnam’s economy is also heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, Vietnam still achieves GDP growth of 2.9% in 2020 and is among the highest in the world. According to the Asian Development Bank (ADB), Vietnam’s economy will continue to grow by 6.7% in 2021 if the spread of the virus is well controlled and increase to 7% in 2022 [12] Table 2. Results of Vietnam’s FDI attraction in the period of 2018-2020 Content 2018 2019 2020 Realized capital (million USD) 19, 100 20, 380 19, 980 Registered capital (million USD) 35, 465. 56 38, 019. 11 28, 530. 10 Number of new projects (projects) 3, 046 3, 883 2, 523 Source: Ministry of Planning and Investment
5. 928 KỶ YẾU HỘI THẢO KHOA HỌC QUỐC TẾ FDI TOÀN CẦU VÀ ỨNG BIẾN CỦA DOANH NGHIỆP FDI TẠI VIỆT NAM TRONG BỐI CẢNH MỚI It can be seen that the amount of FDI in 2019 increased by 6.7% compared to 2018 and decreased slightly in 2020, the rate decreased by 2%. That is due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic affecting production and business activities of enterprises. However, many FDI enterprises are gradually recovering and maintaining good production and business activities and expanding projects. The highlight in 2020 is that adjusted investment capital increased by 10.6% over the same period in 2019. Although the amount of investment capital and new projects in 2020 both decreased over the same period, the reduction level was also is being improved. Along with the good control of the Covid-19 pandemic in Vietnam, the number of new projects and capital adjustment increased in the last months of the year. [4] Besides positive effects such as promoting economic development, creating more jobs, increasing incomes for workers, solving poverty, improving people’s living standards; In order to increase revenue for the state budget, the FDI sector still has some negative impacts, including the problem of environmental pollution. For example, Vedan Company committed environmental violations in Vietnam for 14 years, such as the discharge of untreated waste into the Thi Vai River, the evasion of environmental fees; Miwon Company in Viet Tri (Phu Tho) discharged up to 900m3 of untreated wastewater into the Red River every day. Or the case of Formosa Ha Tinh Company of Formosa Group (Taiwan) discharged 12,000m3 of waste water per day which contained toxins such as phenol, cyanide, etc., exceeding the permitted standards, made about 80 tons of seafood Massive death of products along the coast of 4 North Central provinces, causing serious environmental pollution, great socio-economic losses, directly affecting people’s production life and social security. In addition, the indiscriminate exploitation of mineral resources by FDI enterprises without planning from oil and gas to coal and ore has caused a great loss of Vietnam’s non- renewable resources. The situation of workers being forced to quit their jobs to limit wages and bonuses has increased in recent years. Unemployment over 35 years old is common, businesses let labor disputes happen, reduce welfare regimes, etc. between employers and employees, causing thousands of strikes happen to claim benefits. From that fact, raising awareness about CSR and strengthening CSR implementation in FDI enterprises is an urgent requirement. Good implementation of CSR at FDI enterprises with activities for human rights and for the environment will enhance the reputation of enterprises, create sustainable development of enterprises and directly contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals of Vietnam. 3.2. Case study The negative impacts of FDI enterprises on society and the environment in Vietnam show that many FDI enterprises are not aware of the important role of CSR implementation in sustainable development. In fierce competition, some businesses are almost only interested in economic profits and consider CSR implementation as a legal obligation to perform. They have not actively implemented CSR programs as a serious, long-term strategy of the business and are less interested in coordinating CSR with their long-term business strategies. Therefore, some reports on CSR implementation are still formal, CSR activities are mainly charitable activities without going into the right depth of the content of this concept.
6. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: GLOBAL FDI AND RESPONSES OF FDI ENTERPRISES IN VIETNAM IN THE NEW CONTEXT 929 However, there are FDI enterprises that have paid attention to and seriously implemented CSR science continuously for many years and have received many positive results such as Samsung Vietnam complex, Toyota Vietnam Company, China Steel and Nippon Steel Vietnam Joint Stock Company 3.2.1. Introduction China Steel and Nippon Steel Vietnam Joint Stock Company (CSVC) is one of the most advanced steel sheet manufacturing factories in the world which was built in Ba Ria-Vung Tau province, Vietnam. CSVS was established on the basis of a joint venture between famous steel companies in the industry’s global steel production in Taiwan and Japan, which are notably China Steel Corporation (CSC) and Nippon Steel Corporation (NSC) with the total investment capital of 1,148 billion US dollars. It is actively promoting the 04 core products: Pickled and Oiled Steel Coils (PO), Cold Rolled Steel Coils (CR), Galvanized/Galvannealed Steel Coils (CG) and Electrical Steel Coils (ES). CSVC successfully confirmed itself as the highly growing steel maker in both domestic and export markets. Although the steel market experienced many fluctuations due to the fierce trade war between the US and China, the source of dumping steel imported into Vietnam, etc., The company’s revenue continued to increase in the period 2016-2018 at a rapid pace. The growth rate increased by 50.32% in 2017 compared to 2016 and 24% in 2018 compared to 2017. In 2019, under the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic, the company’s revenue decreased compared to 2018 by 81, 616, 003 USD but the rate decreased slightly by 11.6%. It can be seen that with the motto of “our quality, your better life”, CSVC has achieved many successes in business activities and stable growth. 3.2.2. CSR activities of CSVC In the business philosophy and implementation of sustainable business strategies on a global scale, CSVC is particularly interested in CSR activities. CSVC’s annual sustainable reports have proven and confirmed the effectiveness of CSR activities that this Company has carried out during the past time in aspects: Social, environmental, social contribution activities and corporate governance. CSR activities for employees Employees welfare and Fringe benefits - Work-related allowances: Employees are entitled to social, health and unemployment insurance premiums according to the state’s regulations; accident insurance 24/24; be granted labor protection, enjoy lunch allowance; are entitled to reward regimes for individuals with excellent performance at work. - Housing allowance: The dormitory construction company is fully equipped with facilities, providing a spacious, clean and comfortable space, ensuring accommodation for about 400 foreign employees and experts. - Transportation allowance: The company always maintains and guarantees that employees can conveniently reach the workplace by providing daily shuttle buses for office hours including: Ho Chi Minh City, Bien Hoa and Ba Ria-Vung Tau CSVC. For shift
7. 930 KỶ YẾU HỘI THẢO KHOA HỌC QUỐC TẾ FDI TOÀN CẦU VÀ ỨNG BIẾN CỦA DOANH NGHIỆP FDI TẠI VIỆT NAM TRONG BỐI CẢNH MỚI workers, the shuttle bus will be arranged: Bien Hoa and Ba Ria - Vung Tau CSVC. CSVC has always maintained the monthly maintenance and inspection of vehicles to promptly handle and minimize the problems that occur during usage. Training activities In order to improve knowledge and skills, as well as create development opportunities for employees, CSVC always focuses on training and developing human resources with training courses for senior employees, training courses that improve qualifications and professional skills for employees from teachers and outside experts. Safety and health of employees At CSVC, Greet Anytime, Anywhere, to Everyone with the greeting “ALWAYS SAFE” is a common culture with the meaning of wishing each other to always work with a safe spirit. At the same time, it shows that safety and health are always the company’s top priority. The company has conducted testing of the working environment to select the items of health examination; coordinated with the Medical Center to organize periodical health checks for all CSVC employees each year; conducted safety and health training for employees. Other activities To create relaxing moments during the stressful working hours, strengthen sporting as well as tighten the solidarity between all employees in CSVC, help people understand and get closer together, the company coordinates with Trade Union to organize many annual entertainment activities and on special occasions such as Year-end party, Giving lucky money, Giving backpack to Trade Union members on occasion of worker’s month, Mini soccer tournament or Vietnamese Women’s day and International Women’s day CSR activities for Environment CSVC affirms that comprehensive environmental management is an integral part of the company’s mission. CSVC has dedicated to protecting the environment around the world by conserving more, using less, sourcing materials more responsibly with the environment. Environmental management system - Basic policies: The company sets out a basic policy on environmental management including 5 contents: Complying with the requirements of the law; Partnering with customers and suppliers to promote activities to reduce environmental impact at every stage of business operations from manufacturing to shipping products; Continuous technological improvement to improve the environmental impact of processes and products; Provide environmental education and awareness programs for employees; Focus efforts on developing modern technologies that can solve future problems of the environment and natural resources. - Environmental management organization: CSVC set up an environmental management committee which is run by the General Director of the company. The committee reviews the overall environmental management of CSVC and holds annual meetings to analyze environmental trends. - The main points of CSVC’s environmental management system are organizing a contest on “Environmental Management” to reward members who have achieved outstanding achievements in environmental protection.
8. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: GLOBAL FDI AND RESPONSES OF FDI ENTERPRISES IN VIETNAM IN THE NEW CONTEXT 931 Environmental risk management - Air management: CSVC has applied different systems to improve the quality of exhaust gases before being discharged through the factory chimney. Firstly, CSVC has established the system with a lower standard of environmental regulations and standards. Second, CSVC has installed an absorption system to reduce the concentration of wastewater indicators before being discharged through the chimney. - Water management: CSVC has appropriately used 1.2 million m3 of fresh water per year in all administrative works and factories. In order to significantly reduce the impact on natural resources, the company has tried to reuse and recirculate fresh water supplied to the cooling water system and applied wastewater reuse process to reuse about 90% of wastewater [6]. - Soil and groundwater management: The environment department regularly patrols and inspects the soil around the plant. If the soil is contaminated, the company will organize a rapid response immediately. Twice per year, the company invites the competent authority to evaluate the soil parameters and makes a report to the Government. If the soil is contaminated, appropriate action will be taken according to the guidance of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. - Waste management: All types of wastewater generated from the operation phase have been brought to the wastewater treatment system to meet local regulations before being discharged into the centralized wastewater treatment system of My Xuan Industrial Park. Under the supervision of the utility department, the company ensures thorough control by checking the balance including the amount of chemicals involved, the amount released to the environment and the volume of treatment. Environmental Performance Promotion - Environmental audit: According to the international standard ISO 14001, CSVC has built an environmental management system, in which the directors of relevant departments are responsible. Every year, the environment department will summarize and report to senior management to review the situation. - Hazardous waste control: CSVC has recognized the importance of the impact of hazardous wastes on the environment of the local community, thus has enhanced the production process to reduce the amount of hazardous waste harm arises - Control of hazardous waste chemicals: To avoid potential risks associated with hazardous waste chemicals, CSVC has built an Acid Regeneration Plant (ARP) which can reuse or re-circulate hazardous waste acids; increased the number of educated managers and employees with active chemistry degrees and implemented a periodic emergency response to chemical leaks. CSR activities for the Community With the slogan of “Our quality, your better life”, CSVC is constantly promoting activities to contribute to society to bring benefits to them. Activities such as giving gifts to families in difficult circumstances in the BRVT province, giving gifts to CSVC Trade Union members in difficult circumstances, blood donation These events have gradually become annual activities and are one of the cultures of multinational companies like CSVC.
9. 932 KỶ YẾU HỘI THẢO KHOA HỌC QUỐC TẾ FDI TOÀN CẦU VÀ ỨNG BIẾN CỦA DOANH NGHIỆP FDI TẠI VIỆT NAM TRONG BỐI CẢNH MỚI Thus, although it is the same steel manufacturing company, but unlike Formosa Ha Tinh Company, China Steel and Nippon Steel Vietnam Joint Stock Company (CSVC) has been aware and seriously implemented CSR for many years. Meeting all the sustainable development criteria in all aspects of economy - environment - social established by leading experts from the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI), government agencies, organizations outside and inside the country, since 2017 CSVC has been honored in the “Top 100 sustainable development enterprise in VietNam”. This award shows the value of the company based on the criteria of economic, environmental and social sustainability. 3.2.3. Lessons learned from CSVC Although CSVC has only officially come into operation since November 1, 2013, the company has made many important steps in the process of developing and implementing CSR towards sustainable development. Looking at that process, we can draw some typical lessons as follows: Firstly, proactively approach and improve understanding of Vietnam’s laws, especially legal documents related to employees and environmental protection. Thereby helping FDI enterprises have a safe legal corridor in the development and implementation of CSR activities. Second, there should be a serious and correct awareness of CSR. In particular, it is necessary to realize the important role of CSR in enhancing the prestige of FDI enterprises in the market and in the social community, helping enterprises to grow stably and develop sustainably. Third, establish a dedicated CSR department and organize it systematically; plan to implement CSR in the medium and long term. In particular, it is necessary to pay attention to synchronously carrying out three main contents: people, environment and social community. Fourth, CSR activities need to be carried out in consistent and close cooperation from business leaders, all employees as well as from customers, social organizations, and state management agencies. Fifth, CSR activities need to be implemented, maintained regularly, checked, evaluated and continuously improved to achieve high efficiency. 3.3. Recommendations In order for the implementation of CSR of FDI enterprises towards sustainable development to take place effectively, we offer some recommendations as follows: On the State side, it is necessary to strengthen the dissemination and awareness of CSR for stakeholders so that CSR is well implemented in Vietnamese enterprises in general and FDI enterprises in particular. The propaganda, dissemination and awareness raising about CSR should be done strongly on a broader scale, not limited to entrepreneurs, businesses, agencies and organizations, but must go to the communities and localities, including inclusion in general education programs. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the institution related to the contents of CSR activities of enterprises and have specific policies to encourage FDI enterprises to implement CSR well, to prepare and publicly publish CSR implementation reports. On the side of FDI enterprises, it is necessary to raise and unify the awareness of the important role of CSR. Businesses need to realize that the implementation of CSR is an important task
10. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: GLOBAL FDI AND RESPONSES OF FDI ENTERPRISES IN VIETNAM IN THE NEW CONTEXT 933 to aim at a more progressive and better society in the future. Therefore, businesses need to increase their learning and gradually build and implement their CSR action plans. Good implementation of CSR will help FDI enterprises develop sustainably, contribute to economic development and towards the goal of sustainable development of Vietnam. 4. CONCLUSION Stemming from the challenges posed in the process of economic development such as climate change, resource scarcity, inequality Vietnam has issued a Sustainable Development Strategy aimed at sustainable growth, efficiency, go hand in hand with social progress and justice, and protect natural resources and the environment. To achieve that goal, the implementation of social responsibility of enterprises in general and FDI enterprises in particular plays a very important role. Looking at the actual performance of FDI enterprises in the past period, each of us feels shocked by the state of the environment and the depletion of natural resources. But with the bright spot of China Steel and Nippon Steel Vietnam Joint Stock Company, we can completely trust and expect a FAST -STRONG - GREEN development in Vietnam’s economy. Acknowledgements The authors with to thank Thai Nguyen University of Technology. This work was supported by Thai Nguyen University of Technology REFERENCES 1. Bowen (1953), “Social Responsibilities of the Businessmen”, 1 st Ed, NewYork, Harper. 2. Bui That Giang (2020), “Social responsibility with corporate sustainability” vn/bai-viet/trach-nhiem-xa-hoi-voi-su-phat-trien -ben-vung-cua-business-nghiep-73233.htm, accessed on 10/6/2021. 3. China Steell and Nippon Steel Vietnam Joit stock Company (2017), “Sustainable report 2019”. 4. China Steell and Nippon Steel Vietnam Joit stock Company (2018), “Sustainable report 2019”. 5. China Steell and Nippon Steel Vietnam Joit stock Company (2019), “Sustainable report 2019”. 6. Dahlsrud (2018), How Corporate Social Responsibility is Defined: an Analysis of 37 Definitions, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Mgmt. 15, 1–13 (2008) Published online 9 November 2006 in Wiley InterScience. 7. Duong Thi Lieu, Tran Thi Phuong Hien (2020), “Social responsibility of textile enterprises in Vietnam in terms of CPTPP integration”, Kinh -business/trach-enhance- sa-hoi-cua-cac-business-nghiep-det-may-tai-viet-nam-trong-dieu-kien-hoi-nhap-cptpp-330653.html, accessed 10/ 6/2021. 8. General Statistics Office (2021), “Report on foreign direct investment in 2020”. 9. General Statistics Office (2021), “Report on foreign direct investment in 2020”. 10. Government (2017), “Decision No. 622 on the issuance of the National Action Plan for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. 11. Lam Thuy Duong (2021), “The role of foreign direct investment and solutions to Vietnam’s economic development”, tro-cua-von-dau-tu-truc-tiep-nuoc-vai- vai-giai-phap-phat-trien-king-te-viet-nam-333238.html, accessed June 10, 2021
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