Developing quality human resources in Vietnam for the fourth industrial revolution

Nội dung text: Developing quality human resources in Vietnam for the fourth industrial revolution

1. DEVELOPING QUALITY HUMAN RESOURCES IN VIETNAM FOR THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Master. Ph.D Vu Van Tam1 Abstract: Human resources, especially high-quality human resources play a decisive role in the socio- economic development of every country. Having faced the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the expansion of cooperation relations between countries, territories around the world, there has been a shift in the fundamental, the labor structure and the labor market. It requires countries, including Vietnam to build and develop high-quality human resources to meet the requirements of accelerating national industrialization, modernization, and international integration. In this article, the author focuses on explaining some basic theoretical issues about developing high-quality human resources; mentioning the current situation, forecasting the impact, defining the requirements and proposing solutions to create high-quality human resources in Vietnam. Key word: develope high-quality human recources, the Fourth Industrial Revolution. 1. INTRODUCTION In the process of constructing and developing socio-economic, especially in the renewal phases, Vietnamese government always put citizen at the center of the development process; consider them as both the goal and the driving force of country development; "Using the promotion of human resources as the basic factor for rapid and sustainable country development"2, "Raising people's knowledge, fostering and promoting Vietnamese people is the decisive factor of the industrialization and modernization”3. All those statements have been reflected through the developement ofawareness and thinking toward human resources from the sixth congress (1986). After more than 30 years of innovation, Vietnam has achieved great success. The quality of human resources has been raised to a higher state, most shown in the increment ofworking hours, creating a decent growth rate and improving the economy's competitiveness beside national potential. However, to put it into perspective, we can see that the investment does not pay-off to its potential. In terms of human resources, it can be seen that Vietnam's scientific staff still has a large gap in comparison to other countries. Some experts have pointed out that Vietnam is facing a number of major obstacles: The quality of human resources are not high enough, the inadequacies of the infrastructure, material, technical, and lack the ability to manage human resources. The number of leading scientifics and expertsis still decficient, not able to reach the requirements state. The professional qualifications of a part of cadres and civil servants have not yet fullfil their job; the initiative, a low sense of responsibility; Limited operating system If these weekness remains, Vietnam will face the risk of a human resource crisis, which will reduce the competitiveness of the economy, making it hard to escape "middle income trap", and the opportunities to enter international labor markets Vietnam is currently entering a period of accelerating industrialization and modernization for the bettermentof citizen, strengthening our country, equitable society, democracy and civilization, but there 1 Political Academy. 2 Communist Party of Vietnam, Resolutions of Party Central Committee 1996–1999, Hanoi, 2000, page 85. 3 Communist Party of Vietnam, Document of the 8th National Congress of Delegates, national political publisher, Hanoi, 1996, page 21. 15
2. are still many inconsistent policies, making it hard to promote human resources. The 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam stated: “Developing and improving the quality of human resources, especially high-quality human resources, is one of the decisive factors for rapid and substainable development”4. This congress also proposed the next step to advance human resources: “Promoting the labor market, ensuring synchronization, integration, transparency and facilitation, conducive to the freedom of labor movement. Strongly develop human resources, especially technical labor and business administration human resources”5. These views mark a shift from a theoretical perception about the role of human factors and human resources as a breaking point for country advancement in the new era. 2. METHOD To accomplish the research objectives, the article uses historical logic methods, comparative statistics, general analysis and specific economic specialized methods: Immediate method: Interpretation and synthesis domestic and international project that have researched on developing of human resources. Gathering, evaluate the current situation of building and developing high – quality human resources in Vietnam in recent years. There for proposing solutions. Consultating experts through seminars. 3. RESULTS 3.1. Some basic theoretical issues about developing high-quality human resources to meet the requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution 3.1.1. Human resources concept Currently, there are many different assumption toward human resources in the world, as some example may describe: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes that human resources are all human knowledge, skills and capacities related to the socioeconomic development of a nation. The International Labor Organization (ILO) concludes that human resources are the entire workforce. It is the sum of the working potentials of working-age people, havingthe working capacity of a country that has been prepared to a certain level, able to apply intosocio-economic development. That potential includes a combination of the physical, mental and human personality factors of a nation in response to a certain structure required by the economy. Anauthor, Pham Minh Hac said that: “Human resources need to be understood as population and human quality, including physical and mental, health and intellect, capacity, quality and morality of workers. It is a whole of existing and potential human resources that are prepared to participate in the socio-economic development of a country or a particular locality ”6. The above concepts refer to different perspectives of human resources, however have this in common: It all refers to the quantity, quality (physical strength, mentality and mindpower) of human 4 Communist Party of Vietnam, Document of the 6th National Congress of Delegates, national political publisher, Hanoi, 2011, page 41. 5 Communist Party of Vietnam, Document of the 7th National Congress of Delegates, national political publisher, Hanoi, 2016, page 276. 6 Pham Minh Hac – editor (2007), Developing culture and human resources in the period of national industrialization and modernization, national political publisher, Hanoi. 16
3. resources, including the existing and potential parts. Existing section is the working age population, capable of working; Potential segment is the part of the population that is outside the working age but still has the ability to work and wants to work. From the concepts above, it can be generalized: Human resource is the sum of physical, mental and mental strength existing in social labor resourceswith a suitable structure, that are mobilized, used to create material and spiritual assets that serve the present and future needs of society. 3.1.2. The concept of high-quality human resources Depending on different approaches and research purposes, authors have different conceptions about high-quality human resources with broad and narrow meanings, in both qualitative and quantitative terms. To have an overview of a special part of human resources, it can be conceived: High-quality human resources are part of a well–trained human resource; have political and professional ethics; healthy, intellectually and creative; have professional qualifications, skills and working capacity higher than the general site, and at the same time have the ability to well meet complex and difficult requirements of the job. The concept of high-quality human resources with the above understanding emphasizes the synthesis, reflecting the integrated quality of a part of society's human resources, including professional ethics, physical strength, qualifications, will and beliefs, passion and workmanship as a productive force, therefore the concept of high-quality human resources is not identical with the concept of highly qualified human resources and also not completely identical with those who have graduated from universities, masters, doctor. Accordingly, high quality human resources not only include: Science and technology human resources; skilled workers, or a team of business management businessmen, capable of organizing, highly competitive; but it also bases on cultural–social, political–social human resources, security and national defense. They are not only highly qualified technicians, or senior workers, experts, but also managers, leaders in all areas of society. 3.1.3. The need to develop a high-quality human resource that meets the requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution Human social history is the history of material production, associated with each period and in different industries with different ways of organizing production. K. Marxian said: "The different economic eras are not in what they produce, but in how they produce"7. The world has undergone three industrial revolutions and now is at the beginning of the year of the fourth industrial revolution, the digital revolution, with technologies such as the internet of things, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, augmented reality, social networks, cloud computing, mobile, big data storage This eras could transform the whole world and make rapid changes in all aspects of economic – society in countries around the world. Under the influence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, countries in the world in general and Vietnam in particular must form and advance high-end forces, which is inevitable for the following reasons: Firstly, Vietnam's economic growth model with the vision of transforming the basic contents of: the combination of growth of width and growth of depth due to the main driving force of increasing labor productivity, production efficiency, and competitiveness of economic sectors. The problem posed to Vietnam now is to train and develop human resources, in which it is necessary to attach importance to expand high-quality human resources. Because natural resources, technical facilities, science and technology are limited, it can only be effective when combining adequately with human resources. 7 Karl Marx and Engels (1993), Whole set, tome 23, National Political Publisher, Hanoi, 1993, page 269. 17
4. Meanwhile, the outstanding human resources are not depleted if they are regularly fostered, exploited and used appropriately. Second, high quality human resources are the main factor, determining the rapid development and application of modern technologies. The consequence of applying the achievements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is the establishment of smart factories, digital factories – where machines and equipment will be connected, automatically making all the factory operating decisions from collecting, analyzing requirements, building production plans. That requires the development, training and fostering of high quality human resources, expertise, high responsibility, good working capacity capable of managing, operating, mastering technology modern. Third, the Fourth Industrial Revolution led to the process of economic restructuring in the direction of increasing the proportion of disciplines based on factors and high scientific content, modern technology, automated production lines; at the same time, reducing units that use backward labor and technology. Fourth, in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, all economies had very large openings. Therefore, to take advantage of the achievements of this revolution requires Vietnam to actively and proactively integrate into the world, especially in the economic field. The integration process brings Vietnam many opportunities for development, and at the same time creates new challenges. In order to take advantage of opportunities and overcome these challenges and difficulties, the prerequisite is that Vietnam needs a team of high-quality and powerful human resources, especially an excellent contingent of leaders and managers, a team of experts, good corporate governance, skilled labor, leading science and technology; consider this as a necessary condition for regional and international integration and competition, as well as affirm the position of Vietnamese knowledge and intelligence in the global playing field. 3.1.4. The concept, the content of developing high-quality human resources to meet the requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution Developing high-quality human resources to meet the requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is to sum up the active, self-conscious activities of the subjects using a combination of ways and measures to form, to comprehensively develop high-quality human resources in today socio–economic development. The content: Firstly, to increase the number of high-quality human resources. Currently, in Vietnam, unskilled labor take up a large proportion. Meanwhile, the number of high- quality human resources is limited. To be able to use the achievements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution into a resource for socio-economic development, Vietnam needs a team of highly qualified human resources. Second, improving the quality of human resources. The Fourth Industrial Revolution continuously brought new achievements to mankind, with a wide and very strong impact on the social life, hence improving the quality of human resources need to be done regularly. We should focus on the following issues: physical strength, mentaly and mentality. In particular, the mental factor is especially important. Third, perfecting the structure of high-quality human resources. The fourth industrial revolution took place in all branches and fields of social life. However, in different countries, different regions, localities, and industries with different socio-economic conditions, this revolution also took place focusing on different fields depending on their advantages, their comparative advantage. Therefore, the development of high-quality human resources must be consistent with those of each areas. 18
5. 3.2. The current situation of developing high-quality human resources in Vietnam before the Fourth Industrial Revolution 3.2.1. Achievement Vietnam currently has a relatively abundant human resource and is in a golden population period. With a population of over 96 million people, ranked 15th in the world, 3rd in Southeast Asia8. The labor force age startfrom 15 is 55.8 million people(accounting for about 58% of the total population)9. Approximately 12.69 million people of working age have been trained (with diplomas or certificates from 3 months or more), having high level of skill. 6.39 million people among them are from university or postgraduate about, accounting for about 50% of the total trained working age people and about 12.9% of the total number of people in working age10. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education and Training, the 2018–2019 school year has 237 universities, institutes, and 37 scientific research institutes assigned the task of training doctoral degrees. In 2019, the number of undergraduate 1,526,111 people, 97,134 new recruitment for master training, 11,000 for doctoral training. Along with that, vocational education has made positive changes, currently there are nearly 2,000 vocational education institutions nationwide. The boost of the training scale in Vietnam over the past time has made an important contribution in improving the quality of human resources to support the economic sectors and fields of the country. At the same time, the source of high-quality labor in Vietnam with physical strength has been increasingly improved according to the world's general standards, along with outstanding qualities such as intelligence, diligence, hard work, ability to grasp labor skills, especially the skills to use modern technologies are relatively fast. 3.2.2. Limitation The number of trained workers, especially human resources with college, university or higher degrees and skilled workers in Vietnam accounts for a low percentage. The quality of human resources and the competitiveness of the Vietnamese economy remains low (in 2019, according to the World Economic Forum's (WEF) Global Competitiveness Ranking (WEF) and although it has increased by 10 places, it is still low position (67/141 economy). The fitness of Vietnamese workers in recent years has been improved, but still low, small, light weight compared to other countries according to anthropometric indicators. In the past 30 years, the height index of Vietnamese people has increased slightly compared to the stature of young people in regional countries such as Japan, Singapore, and Thailand. The high-quality labor force in Vietnam also shows the inadequacy of the structure: The manpower with doctorate degrees is more than 14,000 people, of which about 70% hold the position of leaders and managers, only about 30% do professional work, researching. On the other hand, the contingent of professors, associate professors, and doctors is unevenly distributed among regions, with more than 92% concentrated in Hanoi capital and Ho Chi Minh City; meanwhile, less than 1% in the Central Highlands, Northwest and South West regions. Out of about 12.69 million people in working age have been trained, the number of human resources with university or higher degrees accounts for about 50%, around 2.4 times more than the number of people with intermediate education, approximately 2.93 times the number of people with college degrees. This figure clearly reflects the imbalance in the structure of trained labor between vocational education and higher education in Vietnam11. 8 Population census results 2019. 9 General Statistics Office (2019), Report on employment situation in the fourth quarter 2019. 10 Ministry of Labor, War Invalids & Social Welfare (2019), Labour Market Update of Viet Nam, No. 24, fourth quarter p.2. 11 Associate Professor Ph.D Le Huu Lap (2016), Training high quality human resources, online Nhan Dan newspaper, 9/4. 19
6. These limitations have led to many other consequences such as low labor productivity, low competitiveness and the value of Vietnamese human resources in the labor market. 3.3. Forecasting the impact and demand of developing high quality human resources in Vietnam to meet the requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution 3.3.1. Predicting the positive impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on the development of high-quality human resources Firstly, create employment opportunities. Every industrial revolution that occurred in history has urged a drastic change in the structure of human resources and employment. The fourth industrial revolution has the potential to bring many benefits to workers, with the same opportunities for all. Anyone with exceptional capacities and professional qualifications knows the application of 4.0 technology will increase labor productivity, create more values for society, that person will be successful. Second, create a driving force to improve the quality of human resources. The fourth industrial revolution require an increasingly high demand for quality human resources. Meanwhile, Vieqtnam's high-quality human resources are currently lacking in both quantity and skills, especially in information technology, computer engineering, automation, and soft skills This will create a strong motivation for policy makers and human resource managers in training and developing high-quality human resources, and each person must also improve their qualifications and working skills. Thirdly, promote the modernization of human resources education programs, contents and methods. The fourth industrial revolution is making a heavy and comprehensive impact on education and training of human resources. The old teaching methods are no longer suitable with the needs of society, a series of old training occupations will be vanished and instead are opportunities for the development of new training professions, so it is necessary to combine traditional teaching methods with a variety of modern forms, methods and means. For example, online training without classrooms, no classroom teacher, learners will be guided online learning. Virtual classrooms, virtual teachers, simulated virtual devices, and lectures digitized and shared across technology platforms will become a growing trend in career training. 3.3.2. Forecaste the negative impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the development of high-quality human resources Firstly, making major changes in the structure, supply and demand of labor in economic sectors. The fourth industrial revolution has formed to automated machine systems and intelligent robots. These systems will gradually replace manual labor throughout the economy, and the size and structure of the labor force. Developing countries will have toconfront surplus of labor, especially for untrained employees, workers with low professional skills and qualifications leading to increase unemployment rate, directly impacting on social security. Second, the labor market is strongly differentiated. In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, cheap labor is no longer a competitive advantage. A series of old jobs have been lost, and the international labor market will strongly differentiate between groups of low-skilled and high-skilled workers. Along with that, the advent of artificial intelligence not only threatens the employment of low-skilled workers, but even intermediate-skilled workers will be affected, if they do not receive training, equip with new skills-creativity skills. 20
7. Third, fierce competition for high-quality human resources. The current trend is that economic groups and public corporations prioritize recruiting qualified workforce, especially for service industries and high value-added industries such as: Marketing, auditing, finance and banking, insurance, corporate management, information technology, e-commerce, transportation, sharing economy, data analysis, In general, all businesses require employees to think fast, have specialized skills and are able to be under high pressure of the job. Therefore, in the future, the competition for high-quality human resources in the labor market will continue more and more fiercely. Fourth, the state management of education and training encounters many difficulties. Socio-economicdevelopment not only requires a large number of human resources but also requires high quality. Society and learners will say no to unqualified training, not meeting social needs, learners' needs. Forms of online training, virtual training, simulation, digitizing lessons will be career training trends in the future. This puts great pressure on the state management of education and training in resource preparation, faculty, learning spaces 3.3.3. Principle requirements in developing high-quality human resources in Vietnam Firstly, capability to apply scientific and technological advances into practice. The center of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is information technology and the internet connecting things, not only helping humans communicate with humans, but also "humans communicate with machines", "humans communicate with objects "and" objects communicate with each other" Hence, Vietnam wants to join this industrial revolution, which requires the development of high-quality human resources capable of applying advances Ministry of Science and Technology into practical production, social life, satisfy the demands of rapid and sustainable socio–economic development. Second, have the ability to communicate fluently in a foreign language. Cultivating foreign language is an urgent requirement. Proficient use of foreign languages will create opportunities for people to easily absorb human knowledge, access and grasp multi-dimensional information sources, especially information about the development of scientific fields, traditional culture of the countries, searching and selecting jobs suitable for their qualifications, abilities from books, materials and through communication with foreigners. Third, master soft skills. Soft skills are the term used to refer to important skills in human life, often not learned in school, not related to professional knowledge. Soft skills include: The ability to communicate, work with a team, choose a partner, presentation skills (express and apply intelligence, technology, bravery), time management Thusbuilding high-quality human resources requires universities and training institutions to develop flexible training programs, content, forms and methods and each person must actively learn, equip yourself with soft skills in the best way. Fourth, build standards of political, ethical, and appropriate quality of life. Developing high-quality human resources to meet the requirements of the fourth industrial revolution requires comprehensive improvement. In which, building political,ethical and lifestyle qualities for employees is essential. Employees are not only good at applying the advances of science and technology, good in foreign languages and creative in their work, but also need to have good political qualities; have ethics, a clean and frank lifestyle; dare to think, dare to do, dare to take responsibility in their positions and jobs 21
8. 3.4. Some solutions to develop high-quality human resources in Vietnam for the Fourth Industrial Revolution 3.4.1. Raising awareness of the role of high-quality human resources development High-quality human resources are the key force, at the forefront in capturing and using the achievements from Fourth Industrial Revolution, especially information technology, the internet to link all things, therefore, it demand all levels, sectors, people and businesses, educational and training institutions to be properly aware of the position and role of high-quality resource development in planning, building strategies, in management, education and training, in order to develop high-quality human resources. From there, proactively develop training programs, schemes and plans to appropriately use high-quality human resources to meet the requirements of socio–economic development and international integration. 3.4.2. Formulate and perfect the overall strategy, the system of mechanisms and policies for developing high-quality human resources Building an overall strategy for developing high-quality human resources is a major undertaking and an important task, requiring careful research, prudence with breakthrough thinking and a long-term vision, consistent with Practice. The strategy must clearly define the objectives, scale, roadmap, overall mechanisms and policies. In particular, strategic objectives must prioritize overcoming the conflict between the development of quantity, quality, and structure of each type of human resource accordingly. Develop aim plementation roadmap in a reasonable and highly predictable manner, making it a specific mechanisms and policies to finally develop a comprehensive and synchronous high-quality human resource. Regularly adjust, supplement and perfect the system of synchronous mechanisms and policies from the central to local levels, in many aspects such as: education and training, science and technology, working environment, employment policy, income, social security, insurance, social protection, health care, housing conditions, living and settlement. Prioritize the development of the labor market for new business lines and leading industries. Having policies to support the formation and development of innovative start-up incubators in technology training institutions, promote international cooperation in research, development and technology transfer All to grow human resources in Vietnam in the coming years. 3.4.3. Regconize the important of renewing educational programs and develop high-quality human resources The need to shift the training method from isolation, spontaneous quantity to focusing on quality training, with close connection between training institutions and employers; to shift training from a passive learner to a creative initiative in acquiring knowledge and skills, not afraid to face difficulties and challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to review, plan and develop the network of education and training institutions across the country, diversify training methods according to the open education model, the national qualification framework, in association with the market demand. Instead of teaching a common program, it is necessary to promote the construction of many training programs, content and methods in the direction of promoting creativity, developing personal capacities, bringing soft skills into training programs and thenas are quirement to graduate. Continue to exercise university autonomy, develop a number of major scientific research centers and universities to form top research and training centers, encourage domestic and foreign investors to participate. The education and training institutions need to set up close links with enterprises and international universities to build public-private partnership; buiding a digital technology education model to keep up with modern technology trends in the digital economy. 22
9. Developing high-quality human resources to meet the requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution need to focous on training new skills such as: Searching for information; Software updates; accessing and storing data; using sensors, working with robots; using Blockchain technology; problem solving,critical thinking, creativity; HRM; working group. Not only that, it is necessary to encourage and promote students' self-study, increase practical teaching from experts, entrepreneurs not only 100% of knowledge is from teachers. Stepping up the state management of education and training; implementing the project "Improving the capacity of lecturers and managers of educational and training institutions base on the fundamental comprehensive innovation of education and training in the period of 2019–2030". Improving the quality of the contingent of educators and educational administrators at all levels, ensuring that the educational human resourceshave a creative capacities and new qualities on the basis of standardization. Through training activities, self-training and fostering professional knowledge, vocational skills, pedagogical skills and other necessary soft skills. Strengthening quality accreditation of education and training institutions; ranking universities in education and training, developing high-quality human resources. To plan a network of higher education institutions, focusing on teacher training schools; to develop high-quality higher education institutions according to regional and world standards, giving priority to resources for development of technological schools; improve the quality of foreign language teaching at all learning levels. 3.4.4. Closely combine training with the use of high quality human resources The close connection between the training process and the use of high-quality human resources requires a focus on perfecting and improving the quality of the labor market forecasting information system, keeping abreast of the needs of society and quality of employment service, training must be closely linked with use. Develop mechanisms and policies to orient the labor movement openly, rationally distribute labor by regions and occupations suitable to training majors, ensure to promote students' forte, avoid the wasting high-quality human resources in the training process. Equip learners with necessary skills such as communication, handling situations, use of information technology, creativity, adaptation, grasping the development trend of society to ensure ensuring the close connection between training and use, meeting the current requirements. The enrollment and selection of training and retraining sources not only place on top of the criteria of cognitive level, but also attach great importance to foreign language, informatics, political bravery, professional ethics, leadership, management capacity. 4. CONCLUSION In each historical era, each level of social development expects an appropriate workforce. To promote the significant achievements gained in recent years, at the edge of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the trend of integration and the knowledge economy, Vietnam urge the need for resources. These are natural resources,financial resources, science and technology resources and human resources In which, "Developing and improving the quality of human resources, especially high- quality human resources is one of breakthrough strategy which is the decisive factor to promote the development and application of science and technology, restructure the economy, transform the growth model and themost important competitive advantage, ensuring quick, effective and sustainable development”12. In order to successfully implement the promotion of industrialization and modernization associated with knowledge economy and international integration, in order to achieve the goals of the National 12 Communist Party of Vietnam (1986), Document of the 6th National Congress of Delegates, political publisher, Hanoi, 2011, page 130. 23
10. Construction Platform in the period of transition to socialism and strategy of socio-economic development in stages, Vietnam needs to perform well a number of issues: Clearly identify human resources as the most valuable resource of Vietnam in the country development process. Conduct regular surveys on human resources and quality of human resources in all branches, levels, localities and the country; ensure the balance of supply and demand of manpower for socio-economic development nationwide, in each branch and at each level. Improve efficiency in planning, management and use of high-quality human resources. Fundamentally and comprehensively renovate education and training to improve the quality of human resources, especially high-quality human resources to meet the requirements of science and technology application, growth model innovation, restructure the economy, promote industrialization and modernization of the country. Developing high- quality human resources must be appropriate to specific conditions of ministries, branches and localities; closely associated with the requirements of international cooperation and integration. It is necessary to establish a process of closely detecting, exploring, evaluating and publicly recruiting human resources suitable for each specific place and requirement. REFERENCES A. Vietnamese 1. Ministry of Labor, War Invalids & Social Welfare(2019), Labour Market Update of Viet Nam, No.24, Fourth quarter. 2. Do Van Dao (2013), Develop high-quality military human resources to meet the requirements of modernizing The Vietnamese for People's Army, Doctoral thesis in Economics, Political Academy, Hanoi. 3. Communist Party of Vietnam(1986), Document of the 6th National Congress of Delegates, Political publisher, Hanoi. 4. Communist Party of Vietnam (1996), Document of the 7th National Congress of Delegates, National political publisher, Hanoi. 5. Communist Party of Vietnam (2000), Resolutions of Party Central Committee 1996–1999, National political publisher, Hanoi. 6. Communist Party of Vietnam (2011), Document The 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, national political publisher, Hanoi. 7. Communist Party of Vietnam (2016), Document The 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, national political publisher, Hanoi. 8. Pham Minh Hac – editor (2007), Developing culture and human resources in the period of national industrialization and modernization, national political publisher, Hanoi. 9. Associate Professor Ph.D Le Huu Lap (2016), Training high quality human resources, online Nhandan newspaper, 9/4. 10. Karl Marx và Engels(1993), Whole set, tome 23, national political publisher, Hanoi. 11. Dang Truong Minh (2016), Training high-quality human resources in science and technology in theVietnamese for People's Army, PhD thesis in philosophy, Political Academy, Hanoi. 12. Nguyen Thanh (2005), Develop human resources for national industrialization and modernization, national political publisher, Hanoi. 13. General Statistics Office(2019), Report on employment situation in the fourth quarter. 14. Nguyen Ngoc Tu (2012), High-quality human resources of Vietnam in international economic integration, Doctoral thesis in Economics, Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics. 24
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